{
  "abstract": "Background: There is growing evidence that students’ well-being and resilience have declined in recent years in Germany and other countries, with multiple social inequalities observed in both domains.\n\nObjectives: To what extent are specific social determinants associated with students’ resilience and school-related well-being?\n\nMethods: The data are based on a non-representative survey of students in grades 3 to 13 (N = 1,200), conducted during the 2024/25 school year across 36 primary and secondary schools in Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Additional data on social deprivation, municipality-level population size, and school type were merged from official statistics. Three-level multilevel analyses (L1: student, L2: school, L3: municipality) with random intercepts were performed.\n\nResults: The following factors were associated with school well-being and resilience, respectively: grade level (ns / ns), female students (B = 0.187, p < .001 / ns) and non-binary students (ns / ns), high socioeconomic status (B = 0.044, p = .002 / B = 0.025, p = .03), single-parent family (B = -0.200, p = .003 / B = -0.140, p = .01), stepfamily (B = -0.184, p = .05 / ns), other family form (ns / B = 0.473, p = .02), siblings in the household (ns / ns), one-sided migration background (B = -0.144, p = .01 / ns), two-sided migration background (ns / ns), language spoken at home (ns / ns), population size (ns / ns), social deprivation (ns / ns), as well as primary school (B = 0.545, p < .001 / B = 0.611, p < .001), Gymnasium (university-preparatory secondary school; ns / ns), and comprehensive school (ns / ns).\n\nDiscussion: The findings indicate multiple social inequalities in both school well-being and resilience, particularly among students with low socioeconomic status, a one-sided migration background, and those from single-parent or stepfamilies. Study limitations are discussed.\n\nKey messages: • Students from socioeconomically disadvantaged, migrant, and non-traditional family backgrounds show lower levels of well-being and resilience.\n\n• Measures to promote well-being and resilience should address social inequalities at the individual level and consider school-related contextual factors.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "abstract",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "S Ünlü-Reske"
    },
    {
      "name": "R Brender"
    },
    {
      "name": "A Brager"
    },
    {
      "name": "C Meyer"
    },
    {
      "name": "U Walter"
    },
    {
      "name": "D Röding"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cycsk6kcf8n15.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.2033",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13699960/",
  "id": "cycsk6kcf8n15",
  "issns": [
    "1101-1262",
    "1464-360X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.2033",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "6. Poster Displays"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00860"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/SOC01210"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/SOC02610"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "DZ. Social, political and commercial determinants of health"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3203|Resilience and Mental Health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223651817",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13699960/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13699960",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cycsk6kcf8n15.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:29Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13699960",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.2033"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:31Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13699960",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13699960"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3203|Resilience and Mental Health",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Social inequalities in students’ resilience and school well-being in Germany: a multilevel analysis",
  "title_text": "Social inequalities in students’ resilience and school well-being in Germany: a multilevel analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:36:27Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cycsk6kcf8n15",
  "venue": "The European Journal of Public Health",
  "versions": []
}