{
  "abstract": "Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a major cause of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Treatment is either surgical or transcatheter, as there is currently no conservative pharmacological approach. Cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) is indicated before or after invasive medical interventions to facilitate the patient's functional recovery. While CR is common practice for many cardiovascular conditions, guidelines specifically addressing VHD are lacking. Another gap concerns the use of inspiratory muscle training (IMT).\n\nThis narrative review discusses the importance of routinely incorporating IMT into CR programmes, offering hypotheses and recommendations for setting IMT parameters from the perspective of the Italian Association for Cardiovascular Rehabilitation (AIRC). Further research is needed to improve our understanding of rehabilitation and VHD.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ITA",
    "Cardiovascular Medicine, Associazione Italiana di Riabilitazione Cardiovascolare, Milan, ITA",
    "Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Milan, ITA",
    "Cardiovascular Medicine, Associazione Italiana di Riabilitazione Cardiovascolare, Rome, ITA",
    "Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research, Rome, ITA",
    "Cardiopneumology, Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ITA",
    "Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA",
    "Anesthesiology/Pain Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bruno Bordoni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Bruno Morabito"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Luigi Pianese"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Gianmarco Cannadoro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Allan R Escher"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cyfk92n86cdjd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.7759/cureus.119102",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13732506/",
  "id": "cyfk92n86cdjd",
  "issns": [
    "2168-8184"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119102",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Anatomy"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Cardiac/Thoracic/Vascular Surgery"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2705|Cardiac Health and Mental Health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225259416",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.cureus.com/articles/547363-valvular-heart-disease-and-the-importance-of-inspiratory-muscle-training-in-cardiovascular-rehabilitation.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13732506",
  "pmid": "42985413",
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "Cureus Inc.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cyfk92n86cdjd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:22:28Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13732506",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119102"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "heading:Anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Valvular Heart Disease and the Importance of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Cardiovascular Rehabilitation",
  "title_text": "Valvular Heart Disease and the Importance of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Cardiovascular Rehabilitation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:22:28Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cyfk92n86cdjd",
  "venue": "Cureus",
  "versions": []
}