{
  "abstract": "Odor environments significantly impact emotions and comfort, yet their evaluation using facial subtle expressions remains understudied. This study investigates the feasibility of using facial subtle expressions to identify olfactory comfort by capturing emotional changes and analyzing recognition accuracy with subjective questionnaires. It examines three odors—peppermint, sweet orange, and white vinegar—varying in pleasantness. Results show that disliked odors increase negative emotions and reduce comfort, while liked odors enhance it. Subtle expressions effectively assess comfort changes, with recognition accuracy linked to odor preference. Pleasant odors yield higher recognition accuracy, and stronger preferences correlate with better identification of facial subtle expressions. Significant changes were noted in the nostrils and nose bridge, with the latter exceeding the baseline by 40 % after white vinegar exposure. This research supports the use of subtle expression recognition to assess indoor odor comfort, optimize air quality in the building environment, and ensure that the building's daily operations better meet the needs of the occupants.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Healthy Environment and Low-Carbon Energy, Qingdao 266520, China",
    "School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Healthy Environment and Low-Carbon Energy, Qingdao 266520, China; Corresponding author."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhen Tong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yulong Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xinran Wen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaorui Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jie Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hongyu Guan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Songtao Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chengji Guo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cyh1k5y4e3e2p.bib",
  "cited_by": 2,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.enbenv.2025.06.005",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666123325000571",
  "id": "cyh1k5y4e3e2p",
  "issns": [
    "2666-1233"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2025.06.005",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "TD1-1066"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "TH1-9745"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3205|Emotion and Mood Recognition"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4411370986",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cyh1k5y4e3e2p.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:38Z",
      "native_id": "fa593d4f2af3421cac33476f190e694c",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2025.06.005"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "lcc:TD1-1066",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Application of subtle expression recognition in evaluating odor environment comfort",
  "title_text": "Application of subtle expression recognition in evaluating odor environment comfort",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:38Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cyh1k5y4e3e2p",
  "venue": "Energy and Built Environment",
  "versions": []
}