{
  "abstract": "Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. While disease-modifying therapies can reduce relapse rates, their limitations have spurred interest in adjunctive approaches such as fasting and ketogenic diets (FD, KD). In a randomized controlled trial, participants with relapsing–remitting MS followed FD, KD, or a control diet for 9 months, with multi-omic and clinical assessments. Our secondary analysis revealed that KD was associated with distinct gut microbial functional profiles, including enrichment of carbohydrate metabolism modules that co-occurred with lower T2 lesion volume. Stool propionate levels, however, did not correspond to the abundance of the annotated propionate production II module. Key contributors included Romboutsia timonensis , Roseburia intestinalis , and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron . These microbial changes coincided with diet-associated changes in circulating tryptophan and indole metabolites, suggesting a system-level co-occurrence of changes along the gut-brain axis. We present evidence that KD is associated with coordinated tryptophan-related metabolite changes and species-specific functional differences alongside T2 lesion metrics. These exploratory associations warrant validation and mechanistic investigation.\n\nRegistry ClinicalTrials.gov, TRN: NCT03508414, Registration date: 25 April 2018.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Friederike Gutmann",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6763-2270"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lina Samira Bahr"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ulrike Brüning"
    },
    {
      "name": "Víctor Hugo Jarquín-Díaz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lajos Markó"
    },
    {
      "name": "Martin Weygandt"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rebekka Rust"
    },
    {
      "name": "Judith Bellmann-Strobl"
    },
    {
      "name": "Friedemann Paul"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sofia Kirke Forslund-Startceva"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jennifer A. Kirwan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cyk0mrpahssmz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-73464-0",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "cyk0mrpahssmz",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73464-0",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Gut microbiota and health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7218634604",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73464-0.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-03",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cyk0mrpahssmz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:22Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-73464-0",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73464-0"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Gut microbiota and health",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Functional microbiome shifts are associated with neuroinflammatory outcomes under dietary interventions in multiple sclerosis",
  "title_text": "Functional microbiome shifts are associated with neuroinflammatory outcomes under dietary interventions in multiple sclerosis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/cyk0mrpahssmz",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}