{
  "abstract": "Background: Medication fields created for chronic-disease management may mislead when reused as medication-exposure measures in broader older-adult populations. Using routine exercise-frequency as routine-recorded physical activity (PA), we compared PA + records (daily, at least weekly, or occasional exercise) with PA− records (no exercise) and examined how nonblank medication-field presence changed after management-registration context was incorporated.\n\nMethods: This cross-sectional study used 2,270 examination records from a 2025 rural primary-care program in northeastern China; PA was available for 2,226 records. The outcome was any nonblank text in the main-medication field. Modified Poisson regression estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) with small-sample-adjusted cluster-robust inference across 20 sites. Sequential models incorporated demographics, site, and four hypertension/diabetes management-registration categories. Logistic regression estimated standardized proportions and absolute differences. Medication text underwent secondary audit, including 200 randomly sampled retained entries independently reviewed by two pharmacists.\n\nResults: Nonblank medication fields occurred in 1,114/1,157 (96.3%) records with hypertension and/or diabetes management registration versus 27/1,113 (2.4%) with neither registration. Field presence was low without registration and near-complete with hypertension-only or dual registration; the diabetes-only stratum was small (n = 37). Overall field presence was 56.4% in PA+ and 42.8% in PA− records (PR 1.317, 95% CI 1.076–1.612). After registration context was incorporated, the PR was 1.001 (95% CI 0.960–1.043); full adjustment yielded 1.002 (95% CI 0.959–1.046). Standardized proportions were 51.26% and 51.14%, a difference of 0.12 percentage points (95% CI −2.07 to 2.30). Among 1,368 retained entries, archived labels classified 75.9% as antihypertensive, 14.5% as glucose-lowering, 0.5% as other cardiovascular, 1.7% as other medications, and 7.4% as unresolved. Inter-reviewer agreement for broad therapeutic class was 99.5% (κ = 0.982), and parser–manual-reference concordance was 99.0%; these assessments did not verify medication exposure.\n\nConclusion: Nonblank main-medication-field recording was strongly patterned by chronic-disease management registration, and the apparent overall PA-related contrast was markedly attenuated after this context was incorporated. Blank fields cannot establish medication nonuse, and nonblank or consistently parsed text cannot establish complete, current medication exposure.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Wushu, Henan University",
    "Henan University, Institute of Gerontology",
    "School of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Mudanjiang Normal University",
    "Dongcheng Community Health Service Center"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kun Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yiming Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yongheng Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xuefeng Xi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gaixia Hou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhuangzhuang Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Limeng Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yajuan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Dehui Zhang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/czvvdt8bex1ny.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1965382",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13716648/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "czvvdt8bex1ny",
  "issns": [
    "1663-9812"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1965382/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3605|Medical Coding and Health Information"
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  "openalex": "W7222034911",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1965382/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13716648",
  "pmid": "42959232",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/czvvdt8bex1ny.ris",
  "sources": [
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:1663-9812",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Among rural older adults, an apparent physical-activity contrast in nonblank medication-field presence was markedly attenuated when chronic-disease management registration was incorporated into the analysis",
  "title_text": "Among rural older adults, an apparent physical-activity contrast in nonblank medication-field presence was markedly attenuated when chronic-disease management registration was incorporated into the analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:21:08Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/czvvdt8bex1ny",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Pharmacology",
  "versions": []
}