{
  "abstract": "Cry1Ab proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice can be released into paddy water through straw leaching. Straw from non-Bt rice (Tianyou Huazhan), homozygous Bt rice (T775), and heterozygous Bt rice (T775 F1 hybrid) was used to expose Daphnia magna over two consecutive generations, each for 21 days, at nominal straw-loading concentrations of 1, 2, 4, and 8 g L−1. Survival, growth, reproduction, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. Growth and reproductive responses were described using originally reported means, standard errors, and Duncan groupings, while traceable biochemical measurements underwent generation-specific two-way analysis of variance and prespecified control comparisons. Changes in individual and biochemical endpoints varied by rice type, loading concentration, and generation, without a consistent monotonic concentration–response relationship. Fisher’s exact tests showed no significant differences in 21-day survival between either Bt treatment and the corresponding non-Bt treatment at the same concentration. Changes in enzyme activities and MDA alone do not establish oxidative injury, and descriptive differences between generations cannot establish cumulative toxicity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China",
    "Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China",
    "Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Congyu Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jiahang Liang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xueli Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Lipeng Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yifeng Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Huizhen Fu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Wanting Deng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yuanjiao Feng"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/czxz068p3zgam.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27219962",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "czxz068p3zgam",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9962",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-06",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/czxz068p3zgam.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T00:21:27Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27219962",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9962"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "issn:1422-0067",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effects of Bt Rice Straw Leachates on Daphnia magna",
  "title_text": "Effects of Bt Rice Straw Leachates on Daphnia magna",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T00:21:27Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/czxz068p3zgam",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}