{
  "abstract": "Background: Recent increases in common mental disorder prevalence could partly reflect greater persistence of existing disorders. We examined 3-year persistence for anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders, defined as meeting diagnostic criteria at baseline and again during 3-year follow-up. We compared persistence rates with those observed 12 years earlier and investigated (changes in) determinants of persistence.\n\nMethods: Data were from the third Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-3), a population-based study (N = 6,194; 18–75 years; interviewed 2019–2022 and 2023–2024). A slightly modified Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 assessed DSM-5 and DSM-IV diagnoses. Persistence was described from two perspectives: narrow (presence of a mental disorder of the same diagnostic category during follow-up) and broad (presence of any anxiety, mood, and/or substance use disorder during follow-up). Twelve-year trends were examined by comparing DSM-IV persistence in NEMESIS-3 with NEMESIS-2 (N = 6,646; interviewed 2007–2009 and 2010–2012) among adults aged 18–64 years.\n\nResults: In NEMESIS-3, 3-year narrow persistence was 41.6% for anxiety, 48.0% for mood, and 40.3% for substance use disorders. Broad persistence was higher: 57.1%, 63.2%, and 55.1%, respectively. Persistence increased in 12 years across all disorder groups: broad persistence for any mental disorder was 42.7% in NEMESIS-2 and 57.9% in NEMESIS-3. Higher broad persistence was significantly associated with younger age, living in a city, childhood trauma, and near-daily drug use in multivariable analyses. These associations were stable over time.\n\nConclusions: Three-year persistence of common mental disorders is substantial and has increased compared with 12 years earlier, suggesting growing challenges for treatment and long-term care.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands",
    "Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Artemis Gkitakou",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8749-4984"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Margreet Ten Have",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0086-2199"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Neeltje M. Batelaan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Annemarie I. Luik"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Brenda W.J.H. Penninx"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d15qy1n9jtg3n.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1017/s0033291726105467",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13735845/",
  "id": "d15qy1n9jtg3n",
  "issns": [
    "0033-2917",
    "1469-8978"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291726105467",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Mental Health Treatment and Access"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7207835235",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/ED2BB05054BC56D40F8B74F63AE89373/S0033291726105467a.pdf/div-class-title-are-common-mental-disorders-more-persistent-over-time-insights-from-the-netherlands-mental-health-survey-and-incident-studies-nemesis-div.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13735845",
  "pmid": "42687372",
  "published": "2026-09-03",
  "publisher": "Cambridge University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d15qy1n9jtg3n.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:21:26Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13735845",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291726105467"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Mental Health Treatment and Access",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Are common mental disorders more persistent over time? Insights from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incident Studies (NEMESIS)",
  "title_text": "Are common mental disorders more persistent over time? Insights from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incident Studies (NEMESIS)",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:21:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d15qy1n9jtg3n",
  "venue": "Psychological Medicine",
  "versions": []
}