{
  "abstract": "The occurrence of azithromycin in aquatic environments highlights the need for effective remediation approaches. In this study, three boric acid-modified coconut husk biochars prepared using nominal H₃BO₃ precursor concentrations of 0.1%, 2%, and 5% were evaluated for azithromycin adsorption from aqueous solution. The materials exhibited different adsorption performances under the investigated conditions, with 5% B-CB showing the highest Langmuir-predicted maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 170.45 mg g⁻¹, followed by 2% B-CB (158.84 mg g⁻¹) and 0.1% B-CB (136.92 mg g⁻¹). The equilibrium data were best statistically represented by the Langmuir model among the isotherm models evaluated. Kinetic analysis showed that the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model provided a better statistical description of the adsorption kinetics, with 5% B-CB showing the highest goodness-of-fit (R² = 0.99), compared with 0.96 and 0.95 for 0.1% and 2% B-CB, respectively. The positive ΔH° values of 11.08, 6.74, and 6.19 kJ mol⁻¹ for 0.1%, 2%, and 5% B-CB, respectively, indicated an endothermic adsorption process under the investigated conditions. FTIR analysis indicated qualitative changes in surface functionalities consistent with boric acid-modified coconut husk biochar following H₃BO₃-assisted modification; however, the actual boron content of the final biochars was not quantitatively determined. Furthermore, 5% B-CB retained measurable adsorption capacity over five adsorption-desorption cycles, and its fixed-bed performance was evaluated under the investigated operating conditions. Overall, the results indicate that azithromycin adsorption performance varied with the nominal H₃BO₃ precursor concentration, with 5% B-CB exhibiting the highest adsorption capacity among the materials investigated under the experimental conditions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Environmental Science & Disaster Management, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.",
    "Department of Chemistry, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.",
    "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.",
    "School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Snigdha S P Mouna"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Md Al-Amin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad Mohinuzzaman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Md Shahadat Hossain",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3053-9747"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Abdulaziz Almuntashiri",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-1817-7113"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "M M Rahman",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1729-7213"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad Mahbub Kabir",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7228-3183"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d1mb9qz59x816.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/toxics14100927",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13709760",
  "id": "d1mb9qz59x816",
  "issns": [
    "2305-6304"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931714",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223017847",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13709760?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13709760",
  "pmid": "42931714",
  "published": "2026-10-20",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d1mb9qz59x816.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42931714",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931714"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effective Removal of Azithromycin from Aqueous Solution Using Coconut Husk Derived Boric Acid-Modified Biochar.",
  "title_text": "Effective Removal of Azithromycin from Aqueous Solution Using Coconut Husk Derived Boric Acid-Modified Biochar.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d1mb9qz59x816",
  "venue": "Toxics",
  "versions": []
}