{
  "abstract": "Background: The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on treated Graves’ disease (GD) patients.\n\nMethods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 220 patients with GD receiving stable antithyroid drug treatment. Among 179 questionnaire respondents, 107 had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 72 were uninfected. Paired thyroid function analyses were performed in 65 infected patients, and long COVID was assessed in 72 participants.\n\nResults: In the cohort, 107 patients (77.6% female; 78.5% aged <60 years) were infected with SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 vaccination was less frequent among infected than among uninfected participants (70.1 vs 84.7%, P = 0.025). At 12 weeks postinfection, TT3 increased from 1.76 to 1.97 nmol/L (P = 0.032), whereas TSH, FT3, FT4, TT4, and TRAb remained unchanged. Total cholesterol and HDL-C decreased after infection. TT3 changes differed by vaccination status (P for interaction = 0.019), although vaccination was not associated with biochemical thyroid function deterioration (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.25–3.12). Among 72 participants who completed long COVID assessment, 37 (51.4%) met the operational definition; increased hair loss was the most common symptom. Smoking was associated with higher odds of long COVID (OR: 5.37, 95% CI: 1.05–27.36).\n\nConclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection in treated GD patients was associated with modest short-term thyroid and metabolic changes, while most thyroid indices remained stable. These exploratory findings highlight the need for further prospective studies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China",
    "School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China",
    "Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between The Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bingxin Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shiqi Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuwei Gong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoyun Feng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yanfang Hou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiaying Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fang Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yufan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yongde Peng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yihan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huanbai Xu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4294-0274"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ruihua Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8641-1550"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d2b5tg9nvdybm.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1530/ec-26-0616",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13726396/",
  "id": "d2b5tg9nvdybm",
  "issns": [
    "2049-3614"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1530/ec-26-0616",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Thyroid Disorders and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212633108",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13726396",
  "pmid": "42734612",
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Bioscientifica Ltd.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d2b5tg9nvdybm.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:22:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13726396",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1530/ec-26-0616"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Thyroid Disorders and Treatments",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Short- and long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 on clinical characteristics of Graves’ disease patients: a retrospective cohort study",
  "title_text": "Short- and long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 on clinical characteristics of Graves’ disease patients: a retrospective cohort study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:22:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d2b5tg9nvdybm",
  "venue": "Endocrine Connections",
  "versions": []
}