{
  "abstract": "Native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) is a time-sensitive orthopedic and infectious diseases emergency associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and long-term functional impairment. This State-of-the-Art Review synthesizes current evidence on NJSA epidemiology with a primary focus on bacterial etiologies, risk factors, pathogenesis, microbiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic challenges, including the absence of validated diagnostic criteria and limitations of culture-based evaluation. We summarize current diagnostic approaches with a focus on synovial fluid interpretation and the expanding role of molecular diagnostics. Management principles emphasize timely surgical source control, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and coordinated multidisciplinary care. Outcomes are reviewed through the lens of relapse, reinfection, and functional recovery, highlighting the influence of host factors, joint involvement, and timeliness of intervention. Finally, we identify persistent gaps in evidence including optimal surgical timing, treatment duration, oral transition, clinical utility of emerging diagnostics, and outline research priorities to improve NJSA care and outcomes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.",
    "Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.",
    "Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.",
    "Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ryan B Khodadadi",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1903-6700"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Takahiro Matsuo",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9389-0628"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kaitlyn C Reasoner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lauren Nicholas Herrera",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7530-1105"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ceylan Colak",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8278-9302"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Katie D White"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Brandon J Yuan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0175-1095"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Aaron J Tande",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9775-7082"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d2htz8a9xphj6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/cid/ciag473",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13715976",
  "id": "d2htz8a9xphj6",
  "issns": [
    "1058-4838",
    "1537-6591"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42950136",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00290"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Editor's Choice"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "State-of-the-Art Review"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Surgical Infectious Diseases"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Orthopedic Infections and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224132908",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13715976?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13715976",
  "pmid": "42950136",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d2htz8a9xphj6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:35Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42950136",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42950136"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:08Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13715976",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag473"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2746|Orthopedic Infections and Treatments",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "State-of-the-Art Review: Native Joint Septic Arthritis Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Microbiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes.",
  "title_text": "State-of-the-Art Review: Native Joint Septic Arthritis Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Microbiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:23:08Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d2htz8a9xphj6",
  "venue": "Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America",
  "versions": []
}