{
  "abstract": "Inflammatory memory in barrier tissues often manifests as exaggerated recall responses to previously encountered stimuli. While recall is generally thought to reinforce the Type of inflammation (e.g., Type 1 (T1), Type 2 (T2), or Type 17 (T17)) induced in the primary encounter, whether and how memory responses engage programs beyond the initiating Type is unclear. Here, we adapted well-characterized murine models of T2 atopic dermatitis (AD)-like and T17 psoriasis-like inflammation into repeated challenge paradigms to compare how inflammatory memory is stored and recalled through longitudinal single-cell RNA-sequencing. In T17 inflammation, a network of IL-17-producing {gamma}{delta}T cells, IL-17-responsive keratinocytes and myeloid cells established in primary challenge re-emerged in recall with increased abundance and accelerated kinetics. By contrast, allergic T2 memory drove a particularly exacerbated and durable recall response in which hallmark features of T1 immunity, including interferon (IFN) signaling and cytotoxic lymphocyte recruitment, were unexpectedly layered onto amplified T2 responses. This T2-to-T1 shift was initiated by CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells that expanded with repeated challenge, produced IFN{gamma}, TNF- and IL-13, and closely resembled treatment-refractory Trm cells in AD. Tissue rewiring was supported by Trm-derived T1 cytokines and the IL-4-rich T2 milieu whose synergy on fibroblasts amplified allergic recall via IL-15 and CCL19. By tuning fibroblast IFN responsiveness in vivo, we mechanistically dissect how this fibroblast-CD8+ T cell circuit supports cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses. In human AD, both arms of allergic recall amplification by this two-cell circuit featuring T1 and T2 effector responses were conserved. Our findings reveal how a stromal-immune circuit drives a clinically relevant T1 immune axis to support allergic inflammatory memory.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Boston Children's Hospital"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "A. C. Kwong"
    },
    {
      "name": "I. Oliver"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. Yang"
    },
    {
      "name": "P. Lotfy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "J. Ordovas-Montanes"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d4f06hqhqh0ce.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.11.02.763646",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.02.763646v1.full",
  "id": "d4f06hqhqh0ce",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.02.763646v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.02.763646v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-02",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d4f06hqhqh0ce.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T00:21:57Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.11.02.763646",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.02.763646v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A fibroblast-CD8+ T cell circuit drives a Type 1 shift in allergic inflammatory memory",
  "title_text": "A fibroblast-CD8+ T cell circuit drives a Type 1 shift in allergic inflammatory memory",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T00:21:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d4f06hqhqh0ce",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}