{
  "abstract": "Traditional calcium (Ca2+) imaging analysis often overlooks the non-stationary temporal complexity inherent in retinal circuits, reducing dynamic signaling traces to static summary descriptors. To resolve these dynamic signatures, we implemented a reproducible analytical framework combining Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) time-frequency decomposition with Sinc baseline filtering and Ward’s agglomerative hierarchical clustering, applied directly to standardized high-dimensional feature spaces, reserving Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) strictly for low-dimensional visualization. This pipeline was deployed across three independent experimental models under blue light stimulation: mixed primary embryonic chicken retinal neurons, primary chicken Müller glial cells (MGCs), and the human MIO-M1 Müller cell line. Functional clustering resolved retinal neurons into three distinct kinetic subpopulations (k = 3), characterized by a kinetically stable core maintaining mid-frequency oscillations (Cluster 0), a cohort undergoing sharp post-stimulus period contraction with late amplitude surges (Cluster 1), and a low-frequency cohort with persistent period elongation (Cluster 2). Chicken MGCs partitioned into two operational clusters (k = 2), contrasting a period-stable, amplitude-decaying subpopulation (Cluster 0) with a dynamic subpopulation exhibiting light-evoked kinetic acceleration (Cluster 1). Similarly, human MIO-M1 glia separated into two major kinetic clusters (k = 2), distinguishing a low-amplitude, longer-period cohort from a high-amplitude, sustained subpopulation operating within an 8–80 s dynamic period band. Restricting phase-coupling and circular statistical analyses strictly to simultaneous Field-of-View (FOV) recordings revealed distinct stimulus-entrained network behaviors: primary avian MGCs maintain a decentralized, weakly coupled regime (“mosaic of autonomy”) that processes light across independent temporal windows, whereas human MIO-M1 glia and embryonic neuronal assemblies exhibit significant stimulus-evoked phase realignment and relative response latency sequencing. These findings demonstrate that inner retinal functional identity is fundamentally rhythmic and cluster-dependent, establishing a quantitative benchmark for decoding multi-scale Ca2+ signaling in healthy retinal preparations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina",
    "Departamento de Química Biológica “Ranwel Caputto”, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Maximiliano N. Rios",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3692-6553"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Natalia A. Marchese"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mario E. Guido"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d511sdhvq3jj4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27198879",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13665424/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "d511sdhvq3jj4",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13665424",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Retinal Development and Disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220706956",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13665424/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13665424",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d511sdhvq3jj4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:35Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13665424",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13665424"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:55Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27198879",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/19/8879"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Retinal Development and Disorders",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Unveiling Glial Heterogeneity in the Inner Retina: Non-Visual Photic Spectrum Responses and Calcium Dynamics in Müller Glial Cells vs. Neurons",
  "title_text": "Unveiling Glial Heterogeneity in the Inner Retina: Non-Visual Photic Spectrum Responses and Calcium Dynamics in Müller Glial Cells vs. Neurons",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d511sdhvq3jj4",
  "venue": "International journal of molecular sciences",
  "versions": []
}