{
  "abstract": "Sex-steroid hormones influence brain structure across aging, but their relationship to the cerebellum, a region implicated in cognition and vulnerable to age-related decline, remains poorly characterized, particularly longitudinally and across both sexes. We examined whether 17{beta}-estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone relate to cerebellar volume across two timepoints, and whether these relationships differ by sex. In a mixed-sex sample of aging adults (Baseline N = 137; Year 1 N = 93), free salivary hormones and cerebellar lobular volumes were quantified. Linear regression tested cross-sectional, predictive, and change-score hormone-volume associations, and formal hormone-by-sex interactions, in a priori primary and secondary cerebellar lobules of interest. Hormone-cerebellum relationships were consistently sex-differentiated. Estradiol change related to Crus I volume change in opposite directions in males and females, a dissociation extending across bilateral Crus I and Lobule VI, and Right Crus II. In females, greater increases in testosterone were associated with greater decline in Left Crus I and Right Lobule V volumes. In males, testosterone showed no significant associations in primary analyses, however, increases in estradiol were associated with larger volumes. Progesterone showed a male-specific cross-sectional association with Crus II. Several relationships ran opposite to the direction predicted by estradiols established neurotrophic role. Sex-steroid influences on the aging cerebellum are sex-differentiated, regionally specific, and may not be predicted exclusively by cortical or female-focused models. These findings establish the cerebellum as a potential site of sex-specific hormonal influence on brain aging and also further highlight the complexity of the impact of sex-steroid hormones on the aging brain.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Texas A & M University"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "R. H. Patel"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. N. C. Magalhaes"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. A. Bernard"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d56s3qs2x21vv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.01.754568",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.01.754568v1.full",
  "id": "d56s3qs2x21vv",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.01.754568v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "neuroscience"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Hormonal and reproductive studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7219742995",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.01.754568v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d56s3qs2x21vv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:26:37Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.01.754568",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.01.754568v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:neuroscience",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Longitudinal Impacts of Sex-Steroid Hormones on Cerebellar Structure in Adulthood are Sex Differentiated",
  "title_text": "Longitudinal Impacts of Sex-Steroid Hormones on Cerebellar Structure in Adulthood are Sex Differentiated",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:26:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d56s3qs2x21vv",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}