{
  "abstract": "A novel bacterial strain (KR4-4T), was isolated from soil in the Republic of Korea and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic and functional characterization. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain KR4-4T within the genus Neobacillus. Phylogenomic analysis based on 92 bacterial core genes further supported its distinct taxonomic position. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between KR4-4T and related Neobacillus type strains were 69.76-82.31% and 18.3-25.9%, respectively, supporting its recognition as a distinct species. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic rods, with growth occurring at 15-45 {degrees}C, pH 6.0-8.0, and 0-2.0% (w/v) NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0, while the major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Genome analysis revealed genes associated with inorganic nitrogen transport, nitrate and nitrite reduction, and ammonium assimilation. In liquid culture, KR4-4T removed NH4+-N under aerobic conditions and was able to utilize ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite as individual nitrogen sources, with removal efficiencies of 86.5%, 69.35%, and 62.9%, respectively. The strain also contributed to the reduction of gaseous NH3 in a closed-flask assay. Together, these physiological and genomic characteristics indicate a versatile capacity for inorganic nitrogen utilization and transformation and suggest potential for further evaluation in biological ammonia-mitigation applications. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain KR4-4T represents a novel species of the genus Neobacillus, for which the name Neobacillus ammoniiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KR4-4T (= KACC 24003T = CCTCC AB 2025077T).",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Kyonggi University"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "T. T. N. Le"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. K.C"
    },
    {
      "name": "S.-W. Jeong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "J. Kim"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d5avhdzrads27.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.12.758474",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.758474v1.full",
  "id": "d5avhdzrads27",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.758474v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "microbiology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2310|Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221755527",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.758474v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d5avhdzrads27.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:27:38Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.12.758474",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.758474v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:microbiology",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Genomic and physiological characterization of Neobacillus ammoniipjilus sp. nov. reveals versatile inorganic nitrogen utilization and ammonia-mitigation potential",
  "title_text": "Genomic and physiological characterization of Neobacillus ammoniipjilus sp. nov. reveals versatile inorganic nitrogen utilization and ammonia-mitigation potential",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:27:38Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d5avhdzrads27",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}