{
  "abstract": "Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has an unfavorable clinical course, with frequent early relapse and few targeted therapeutic options. Therefore, improving disease control after standard treatment remains an important clinical need. This research evaluated the impact of metronomic capecitabine administered after standard treatment on survival outcomes and treatment tolerability among patients having non metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Methods: This retrospective cohort included 65 women with non-metastatic TNBC during September 2019–September 2024. Thirty received metronomic capecitabine after standard treatment, and 35 underwent observation. Overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Documented adverse events were summarized in the capecitabine group. Results: Mean OS was 71.42 ± 2.41 months with capecitabine versus 52.56 ± 4.55 months with observation (p = 0.043), and mean DMFS was 70.0 ± 3.3 versus 39.19 ± 4.76 months (p = 0.003). Distant metastasis occurred in 10% versus 34.3% (p = 0.021). Crude mortality proportions did not differ statistically (13.3% versus 14.3%; p = 0.999). Hand–foot syndrome occurred in 40% of capecitabine-treated patients and was classified as severe in 13.3%. Baseline characteristics and treatment exposure differed between groups. Conclusion: Metronomic capecitabine was associated with fewer distant metastatic events and longer OS and DMFS in this retrospective cohort. Hand–foot syndrome was the most frequently documented adverse event, including severe cases. Differences in baseline characteristics and previous treatment limit attribution of the observed outcomes to capecitabine. These findings support further evaluation rather than a definitive treatment recommendation for a specific high-risk subgroup.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Resident doctor at Clinical Oncology Department, Al Ahrar Teaching Hospital",
    "Assistant Professor of Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University",
    "Professor of Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University",
    "Assistant Professor of Surgical Oncology, Surgical oncology department, Ismailia Teaching Oncology Hospital",
    "Lecturer of Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alaa Hegazy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shaimaa Abdelhai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Abdelmotaleb Ibrahim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Adel Ismail"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Moamna Fahmy"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d61hs35yepyz7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21608/zumj.2026.521395.4763",
  "fulltext_url": "https://zumj.journals.ekb.eg/article_534936.html",
  "id": "d61hs35yepyz7",
  "issns": [
    "2357-0717",
    "1110-1431"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.21608/zumj.2026.521395.4763",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "R5-920"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1306|Breast Cancer Treatment Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222885657",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-25",
  "publisher": "Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d61hs35yepyz7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:08Z",
      "native_id": "84b2b7db28cd4298917dfb124e9664c4",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.21608/zumj.2026.521395.4763"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:1306|Breast Cancer Treatment Studies",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Impact of Metronomic Capecitabine after Standard Treatment in Non Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study",
  "title_text": "Impact of Metronomic Capecitabine after Standard Treatment in Non Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:08Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d61hs35yepyz7",
  "venue": "Zagazig University Medical Journal",
  "versions": []
}