{
  "abstract": "Deep ventricular, limbic, cisternal, and deep venous structures form a compact three-dimensional anatomical system that is difficult to understand from two-dimensional resources alone. We evaluated the technical feasibility of organizing fresh ex vivo porcine heads into a four-module, stepwise dissection model for demonstrating these relationships. Five porcine heads obtained from a regulated food supply chain were prepared without formalin fixation, vascular injection, or specialized laboratory equipment. A neurosurgery resident performed the dissections under faculty supervision. Anatomical feasibility was assessed by the successful identification of prespecified targets within transcallosal, transchoroidal, interforniceal, posterior deep venous, and atrial-inferior horn dissections. The complete four-module sequence was achieved, and all prespecified anatomical targets were identified during dissection in all five specimens. In an independent image-based assessment of three specimens with complete unannotated photographic sets, 26 of 31 targets were identifiable in all three specimens, whereas five deep ventricular or venous targets were identifiable in two of three specimens. The dissection demonstrated the spatial continuity of the caudate nucleus, fornix, foramen of Monro, choroid plexus, thalamostriate vein, velum interpositum, internal cerebral veins, Galenic venous system, hippocampal formation, choroidal fissure, and adjacent cisternal spaces. Natural vascular coloration remained visible without injection and supported orientation during sequential dissection. This low-infrastructure preparation may serve as an accessible physical reference for understanding the three-dimensional continuity of deep ventricular, limbic, cisternal, and venous anatomy, particularly where access to human cadaveric dissection is limited.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, St. Peter's Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia",
    "Department of Ophthalmology, National Hospital Organization Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sara Ganaha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Abdi Ermolo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yuji Katayama"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yohei Kitamura"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d64qdg9dmm1mw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361913",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "d64qdg9dmm1mw",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361913",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Anatomy and Medical Technology"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Animal anatomy"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Brain/Brainstem"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Brain/Choroid plexus"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Brain/Hippocampus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Brain/Thalamus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Cardiovascular anatomy"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Cardiovascular anatomy/Blood vessels/Veins"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Cardiovascular anatomy/Heart/Cardiac ventricles"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animal anatomy"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Animal anatomy"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Brain/Brainstem"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Brain/Choroid plexus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Brain/Hippocampus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Brain/Thalamus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Cardiovascular anatomy"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Cardiovascular anatomy/Blood vessels/Veins"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Cardiovascular anatomy/Heart/Cardiac ventricles"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225404563",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-06",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d64qdg9dmm1mw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:20:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361913",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361913"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
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  ],
  "title": "A stepwise fresh porcine head model for three-dimensional dissection of ventricular, limbic, and deep venous anatomy",
  "title_text": "A stepwise fresh porcine head model for three-dimensional dissection of ventricular, limbic, and deep venous anatomy",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:20:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d64qdg9dmm1mw",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}