{
  "abstract": "This study characterizes real-driving emissions from five light-duty vehicles—spanning urban, rural, and highway conditions—using complementary online and offline measurements. While diesel vehicles (Euro 6b van and Euro 6 passenger car) emitted the highest levels of NOx (0.050–0.379 g km -1 ), their particulate emissions were dominated by low- and extremely low-volatility organics enriched in sulfur and nitrogen. UHPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry supported molecular formula assignment for complex organic mixtures, revealing that CHOS compounds accounted for 12–57% and CHONS for 6–19% of particulate emissions. Positive ionization further enhanced the detection of nitrogen-rich species such as CHON (26–52%), showing the complementary molecular coverage of the two ionization modes. In contrast, modern gasoline vehicles (Euro 6d and Euro 6) exhibited lower NOx but higher total hydrocarbons (0.124–0.898 g km -1 ), with particulate emissions dominated by intermediate- and semi-volatile nitrogen-containing species (CHON 26–52%). The older gasoline vehicle (Euro 4) displayed elevated CHOS fractions (∼58%), observed for this individual vehicle. Orbitrap mass spectrometry provided chemical fingerprinting of these emissions. Given the small, heterogeneous vehicle set, differences among vehicles are interpreted descriptively rather than attributed to individual effects of fuel type, vehicle age, or after-treatment. Among the molecular formulas detected and assigned by ESI-Orbitrap MS, the diesel-vehicle samples exhibited relatively high number fractions of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing formulas and of formulas classified as LVOCs and ELVOCs. Combining real-time gas-phase and particle monitoring (FTIR spectroscopy and SPN23 particle counters and) with Orbitrap-based analysis provided molecular-composition and volatility information alongside measurements of regulated pollutants.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "A. Jabbari-Hichri"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. Azizi"
    },
    {
      "name": "B. Guiot"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Boréave"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. George"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d6djbm3v7qgrt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.apr.2026.103252",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "d6djbm3v7qgrt",
  "issns": [
    "1309-1042"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05851346v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.chim"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sde"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.chim.cata"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.sde.es"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2203|Vehicle emissions and performance"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224114365",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1309104226003685/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d6djbm3v7qgrt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:20:53Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05851346",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05851346v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "hal:1.chim.cata",
      "subfield": "catalysis"
    },
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "hal:0.sde",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "On-road emissions of light-duty vehicles: detailed analysis of particulate and gaseous pollutants",
  "title_text": "On-road emissions of light-duty vehicles: detailed analysis of particulate and gaseous pollutants",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:20:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d6djbm3v7qgrt",
  "venue": "Atmospheric Pollution Research",
  "versions": []
}