{
  "abstract": "Background/Aim: Oral cancer is a major health burden in Taiwan, with tobacco, alcohol, and betel quid use as major environmental risk factors. RAD51 is essential for homologous recombination repair and may influence cancer susceptibility through gene-environment interactions. This study evaluated associations of RAD51 rs2619679, rs5030789, and rs1801320 with oral cancer risk and environmental exposures in Taiwanese individuals.\n\nMaterials and Methods: A total of 958 patients with histologically confirmed oral cancer and 958 cancer-free controls were genotyped via PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods with blinded duplicate analysis showing 100% concordance. Genotype distributions, allelic frequencies, and stratified associations were evaluated using odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and multivariable logistic regression. The control genotypic distributions conformed well to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for rs2619679, rs5030789, and rs1801320 (p=0.3244, 0.3077, and 0.1422, respectively).\n\nResults: None of the three RAD51 polymorphisms showed a significant overall association with oral cancer susceptibility. For rs1801320, the CG and CC genotypes yielded ORs of 1.09 (95% CI=0.88-1.34, p=0.4684) and 1.44 (95% CI=0.86-2.44, p=0.2107), respectively. However, exposure-stratified analyses revealed marked associations. Among smokers, rs5030789 AG and AA were associated with increased oral cancer risk [adjusted OR (aOR)=1.43, 95% CI=1.08-1.94, p=0.0241; aOR=2.76, 95% CI=1.05-6.78, p=0.0424]. Likewise, smokers carrying rs1801320 CG or CC had elevated risks (aOR=1.50, 95% CI=1.17-1.94, p=0.0026; aOR=2.08, 95% CI=1.23-3.56, p=0.0112). In contrast, rs1801320 CG was protective among nonsmokers (aOR=0.43, 95% CI=0.28-0.68, p=0.0001). Among alcohol drinkers, rs1801320 CG and CC were associated with increased susceptibility (aOR=1.31, p=0.0491; aOR=2.01, 95% CI=1.06-3.58, p=0.0330), whereas no significant associations were detected after stratification by betel quid chewing.\n\nConclusion: RAD51 variants showed limited independent effects on oral cancer susceptibility but may act as exposure-dependent modifiers, particularly with smoking and alcohol consumption, supporting a role for gene-environment interactions in oral carcinogenesis.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.",
    "International Department, Mingdao High School, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "LIANG-CHUN SHIH"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "CHE-LUN HSU"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "JIE-LONG HE"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "JAW-CHYUN CHEN"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "AI-CHIA TUNG"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d6eh72rnv9yek.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21873/cgp.20618",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13726686/",
  "id": "d6eh72rnv9yek",
  "issns": [
    "1109-6535",
    "1790-6245"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.21873/cgp.20618",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1311|Genetic Associations and Epidemiology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225001816",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13726686",
  "pmid": "42966634",
  "published": "2026-10-31",
  "publisher": "International Institute of Anticancer Research",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d6eh72rnv9yek.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:22:58Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13726686",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.21873/cgp.20618"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1311|Genetic Associations and Epidemiology",
      "subfield": "genetics-genomics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "RAD51 Genetic Variants and Oral Cancer Susceptibility: Gene-Environment Interactions with Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in a Taiwanese Population",
  "title_text": "RAD51 Genetic Variants and Oral Cancer Susceptibility: Gene-Environment Interactions with Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in a Taiwanese Population",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:22:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d6eh72rnv9yek",
  "venue": "Cancer Genomics & Proteomics",
  "versions": []
}