{
  "abstract": "Background/objectives: Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated oral supplementation with curcumin, green tea extract, resveratrol and omega-3 fatty acids on homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in adults with overweight or obesity. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched on 22 July 2026 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of isolated oral supplementation versus placebo or control, lasting ≥4 weeks, in adults with BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2 without type 2 diabetes. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 and certainty of evidence with GRADE. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed separately for each compound and biomarker, using mean difference (MD). Results: Fifty-nine RCTs (3263 participants) were included (omega-3: 23; curcumin: 13; green tea: 13; resveratrol: 10). Most trials had some concerns or high risk of bias. Only curcumin significantly reduced HOMA-IR (MD = −0.30 [−0.53, −0.07], p = 0.019; moderate certainty), with low heterogeneity. Green tea extract yielded a non-significant CRP reduction (MD = −0.43 mg/L [−0.87, 0.02], p = 0.057; low certainty) with substantial heterogeneity. Resveratrol and omega-3 showed no significant effect on either outcome (low certainty). Significant heterogeneity was observed in five of eight analyses. Conclusions: Curcumin may modestly improve insulin resistance in this population, potentially as a complementary strategy in obesity management. Green tea’s anti-inflammatory effect requires confirmation. Heterogeneous formulations and doses, small samples and risk of bias limit interpretation; future RCTs should use standardized formulations with documented bioavailability.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy",
    "Department of Statistics, Università di Bologna, Via Belle Arti, 41, 40126 Bologna, Italy",
    "Department of Medicine (DIMED), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Niccolò Giustiniani 2, 35028 Padova, Italy"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sarah Nichele"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lucas Moneró Prates"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Luca Busetto",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4883-8980"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d7fdmpmb9mb3q.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/nu18213638",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "d7fdmpmb9mb3q",
  "issns": [
    "2072-6643"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3638",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-31",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d7fdmpmb9mb3q.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T00:26:35Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/nu18213638",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3638"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:2072-6643",
      "subfield": "nutrition"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effects of Bioactive Compound Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Systemic Inflammation in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials",
  "title_text": "Effects of Bioactive Compound Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Systemic Inflammation in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T00:21:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d7fdmpmb9mb3q",
  "venue": "Nutrients",
  "versions": []
}