{
  "abstract": "Background: Primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is an autoimmune glomerulonephritis triggered by B‐cell dysfunction, where rituximab achieved clinical remission in about 55%–65% of patients, while 35%–45% of patients are nonresponders. Obinutuzumab, a humanized type II anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody that showed more profound B‐cell depletion, may improve treatment outcomes in both treatment‐naïve and refractory patients. This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluate the clinical and immunological outcomes of obinutuzumab in PMN.\n\nMethods: We performed a systematic literature search across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through January 2026 to identify studies assessing the effect of obinutuzumab in PMN. We performed meta‐analyses using the meta package in R software.\n\nResults: As first‐line therapy, pooled complete response was 0.324, rising from 0.257 at 6 months to 0.485 at 12 months, and partial response was 0.508. Clinical remission and immunological response were both high ranging between 81% and 89%. As second‐line therapy after rituximab, complete response was lower (18.1%) but partial response remained high (54.7%), with clinical remission increasing to 83.5% at 12 months and immunological response improving significantly to 90.5% at 12 months. In rituximab‐refractory patients, complete and partial response rates were 27.8% and 54.3%, respectively, with clinical remission improving notably by 12 months (84.5%). Secondary analyses showed increased serum albumin and reduced proteinuria over time.\n\nConclusion: Obinutuzumab was associated with clinical and immunological remission in PMN. Clinical and immunological responses were observed across treatment‐naïve, previously treated, and rituximab‐refractory populations, though differences between these nonrandomized treatment‐line groups should not be interpreted as comparative efficacy. No clear short‐term change in kidney‐function measures was detected.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt mans.edu.eg",
    "Department of Medicine King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh Saudi Arabia kfshrc.edu.sa",
    "Department of Statistics Comilla University Cumilla 3506 Bangladesh cou.ac.bd",
    "Faculty of Medicine An-Najah National University Nablus State of Palestine najah.edu",
    "Department of Child Health College of Medicine King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia kku.edu.sa",
    "Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh 13317 Saudi Arabia imamu.edu.sa",
    "Clinical Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Department Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt mans.edu.eg"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abdelrahman M. Elettreby",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-3283-7219"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed A. Abo Elnaga",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-6446-1313"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Faisal A. Al-Harbi",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-7741-4670"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sayed Sayem",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8534-0105"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tamara Aburiash",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0242-6967"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Alam Eldin Musa Mustafa",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4923-2879"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Dina Khodeer",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3412-4138"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed Mohamed Aboelkheir",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-6602-7832"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Mostafa Gamal",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9462-3609"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d7vapf358prhb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1155/ijne/6372570",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13746314/",
  "id": "d7vapf358prhb",
  "issns": [
    "2090-214X",
    "2090-2158"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1155/ijne/6372570",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
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      "openalex",
      "2727|Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7225655108",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13746314?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13746314",
  "pmid": "43005511",
  "published": "2026-11-09",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d7vapf358prhb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-11T12:23:41Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13746314",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1155/ijne/6372570"
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      "native_id": "MED:43005511",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2727|Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies",
      "subfield": "general"
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  ],
  "title": "Treatment‐Line‐Specific Outcomes of Obinutuzumab in Membranous Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis",
  "title_text": "Treatment‐Line‐Specific Outcomes of Obinutuzumab in Membranous Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-13T12:22:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d7vapf358prhb",
  "venue": "International Journal of Nephrology",
  "versions": []
}