{
  "abstract": "This study aims to identify key intervention points for urban solid waste reduction and assign corresponding environmental responsibilities. It further examines how enterprises engage in waste reduction and cooperate with one another in this process. The research integrates Material Flow Analysis (MFA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to locate critical nodes for waste reduction. An evolutionary game model is developed, where enterprises are modeled as nodes in a scale-free network and interact with neighboring nodes. MATLAB simulations are conducted to evaluate the effects of cost-sharing, benefit allocation, penalty mechanisms, and spillover effects on cooperative behavior in waste reduction. The results reveal that moderate penalty mechanisms and positive spillover effects promote multi-subjects cooperative waste reduction. While cost-sharing and benefit allocation mechanisms also enhance cooperation, their effectiveness depends on maintaining parameter values within reasonable ranges. Furthermore, the impact of these mechanisms varies across networks of different scales, suggesting that a one-size-fits-all approach may be ineffective. This study provides a novel integration of MFA, LCA, and evolutionary game theory within a network framework to explore enterprise-level cooperation in waste reduction. It offers actionable insights into designing differentiated incentive mechanisms based on network characteristics, contributing to more effective urban waste management strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Management, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China",
    "School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoxia Jia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tingge Wu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiaoyue Hu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weiyi Guang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d85v6wsxx4nn5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0356910",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "d85v6wsxx4nn5",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0356910",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2311|Municipal Solid Waste Management"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Developmental biology/Life cycles"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Evolutionary biology/Evolutionary processes/Convergent evolution"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Behavior/Recreation/Games"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Computer and information sciences/Network analysis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Computer and information sciences/Network analysis/Scale-free networks"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Computer and information sciences/Systems science/System stability"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Ecology and environmental sciences/Terrestrial environments/Urban environments"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Mathematics/Applied mathematics/Game theory"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Mathematics/Systems science/System stability"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Social sciences/Psychology/Behavior/Recreation/Games"
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  "openalex": "W7204931711",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0356910&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d85v6wsxx4nn5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0356910",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0356910"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:developmental biology",
      "subfield": "developmental-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:evolutionary biology",
      "subfield": "evolutionary-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The cooperative behavioral game of urban waste reduction network considering environmental cost-sharing",
  "title_text": "The cooperative behavioral game of urban waste reduction network considering environmental cost-sharing",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d85v6wsxx4nn5",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}