{ "abstract": "Dengue virus, primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is endemic in Lamu County. There is currently no definitive treatment for dengue; therefore, vector control remains the most effective method to curb transmission. Prolonged exposure of Ae. aegypti to insecticides may confer resistance. This study aimed to determine the levels of resistance to permethrin, a commonly used insecticide, and to compare the vectorial competence and genetic differences of resistant versus susceptible populations for dengue-2 virus. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected from Lamu (Shela, Hindi, and Mokowe) using traps and assayed for permethrin resistance/ susceptibility. WHO insecticide resistance assays were conducted. The mosquitoes (F2) were exposed to dengue-2 infectious bloodmeals and fully engorged mosquitoes selected, incubated for up to 21 days, and tested for infection and dissemination by plaque assay. Individual legs were dissected from 31 female (F0) mosquitoes for isolation of genomic DNA. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to amplify the target mitochondrial DNA using HCO2198 and LCO1490 primers. The amplicons were Sanger sequenced to determine genetic diversity. The Shela sub-population displayed susceptibility (>98% mortality), whereas the Hindi and Mokowe sub-populations exhibited resistance, with mortality rates of 47% and 37.6%, respectively. Of the mosquitoes from Hindi (n = 60); Mokowe (n = 90); and Shela (n = 130), n = 14 (23%), n = 24 (27%), and n = 40 (31%) respectively, had midgut infections with dengue-2; while n = 12 (20%), n = 11 (12%), and n = 21 (16%) respectively had disseminated infection. Genetic analysis showed that all the samples were Ae. aegypti formosus sub-species. Haplotype diversity was high at 1.0 while nucleotide diversity was low at 0.01184. These findings suggest Ae. aegypti formosus sub-species is prevalent in Lamu County. The study also demonstrated high infection and dissemination rates among the Ae. aegypti sub- populations.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya", "Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya", "Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya", "Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya" ], "article_type": "Research Article", "arxiv": null, "author_total": 9, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Kulthoom Suhailah Qureish" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Francis Mulwa" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Richard Odinga" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Santos Yalwala" }, { "name": "Joel Lutomiah" }, { "name": "Joel L. Bargul" }, { "name": "Gerald G. Kellar" }, { "name": "John Eads" }, { "name": "Fredrick Eyase" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d8ze1j9c6yzfq.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0359810", "fulltext_url": null, "id": "d8ze1j9c6yzfq", "issns": [ "1932-6203" ], "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0359810", "language": null, "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_source": "journal", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "2739|Mosquito-borne diseases and control" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Agriculture/Agrochemicals/Insecticides" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Evolutionary biology/Population genetics" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Heredity/Genetic mapping/Haplotypes" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Population genetics" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Flaviviruses/Dengue virus" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Invertebrates/Arthropoda/Insects/Mosquitoes" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Invertebrates/Arthropoda/Insects/Mosquitoes/Aedes aegypti" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/RNA viruses/Flaviviruses/Dengue virus" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Flaviviruses/Dengue virus" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Population biology/Population genetics" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Population biology/Population metrics/Death rates" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Species interactions/Disease vectors/Insect vectors/Mosquitoes" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Species interactions/Disease vectors/Insect vectors/Mosquitoes/Aedes aegypti" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Invertebrates/Arthropoda/Insects/Mosquitoes" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Invertebrates/Arthropoda/Insects/Mosquitoes/Aedes aegypti" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Entomology/Insects/Mosquitoes" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Entomology/Insects/Mosquitoes/Aedes aegypti" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Disease vectors/Insect vectors/Mosquitoes" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Disease vectors/Insect vectors/Mosquitoes/Aedes aegypti" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Viral diseases/Dengue fever" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Tropical diseases/Neglected tropical diseases/Dengue fever" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Flaviviruses/Dengue virus" ] ], "openalex": "W7220852054", "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0359810&type=printable", "pmcid": null, "pmid": null, "published": "2026-10-07", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d8ze1j9c6yzfq.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z", "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0359810", "source": "plos", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0359810" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "biology", "origin": "plos:genetics", "subfield": "genetics-genomics" }, { "field": "biology", "origin": "plos:zoology", "subfield": "zoology-behaviour" }, { "field": "medicine", "origin": "plos:infectious diseases", "subfield": "infectious-disease" } ], "title": "Vector competence for dengue-2 virus of permethrin resistant/ susceptible Aedes aegypti sub-populations from selected sites in Lamu County, Kenya", "title_text": "Vector competence for dengue-2 virus of permethrin resistant/ susceptible Aedes aegypti sub-populations from selected sites in Lamu County, Kenya", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d8ze1j9c6yzfq", "venue": "PLOS One", "versions": [] }