{
  "abstract": "Liquid scintillator detectors instrumented with distributed silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays can be used in compact, topology-sensitive, and low-background experiments, but the temperature dependence of SiPMs immersed directly in the scintillation medium has not been widely characterized. We report the operation of a 125-liter linear-alkylbenzene-based liquid scintillator detector read out by 125 SiPM channels immersed in the active volume, over the range from room temperature to $-30\\,^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$. The detector response was measured with cosmic-ray muons, including stopping muons followed by their Michel-electron decay. Cooling from $+15\\,^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ to $-30\\,^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ reduced the SiPM dark-count rate by a factor of 13.5, increased the single-photoelectron response by 49.1%, and increased the cosmic-ray muon light yield by 16.7%. The improved photoelectron separation and baseline stability at low temperature enabled a selection of stopping-muon events, from which the effective muon lifetime was measured to be $1959\\pm132\\,\\mathrm{ns}$, consistent with the value expected for a hydrocarbon scintillator once $μ^{-}$ capture on carbon is taken into account.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.25534",
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "M. S. Kwak"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. S. Chung"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Ha"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. Z. Huang"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Y. Kim"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. A. Kim"
    },
    {
      "name": "H. Kimku"
    },
    {
      "name": "B. C. Koh"
    },
    {
      "name": "H. S. Lee"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Lee"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. J. Lee"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Seo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d9gk879aesabp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.25534",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "d9gk879aesabp",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25534",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-ex"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.ins-det"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3108|Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214066638",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.25534",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-23",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d9gk879aesabp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:23:56Z",
      "native_id": "2609.25534",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25534"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.ins-det",
      "subfield": "applied-instrumentation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:hep-ex",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Characterization of immersed SiPM arrays in liquid scintillator between room temperature and $-30\\,^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$",
  "title_text": "Characterization of immersed SiPM arrays in liquid scintillator between room temperature and −30 ^∘C",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T18:21:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d9gk879aesabp",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}