{
  "abstract": "Background: Outcomes for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) remain poor, with historically limited systemic options beyond platinum-based chemotherapy. EC is uniquely immunotherapy-amenable among solid tumors: it harbors the highest prevalence of mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) status of any cancer, and its molecular classification into four major molecular subtypes defines a spectrum of tumor mutational burden, neoantigen load, and immune infiltration that predicts the response to checkpoint blockade. Current Landscape: Over the past several years, multiple programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have received regulatory approval in EC, spanning monotherapy in dMMR/MSI-H disease, combination with carboplatin–paclitaxel in the first-line advanced setting, and combination with anti-angiogenic therapy in biomarker-unselected recurrent disease, fundamentally altering the standard of care. Scope and Objectives: This narrative review synthesizes the molecular rationale for checkpoint inhibition in EC, including the biological basis of its molecular subtypes and their immune microenvironments, and provides a focused overview of the trial evidence supporting each major checkpoint inhibitor class, including PD-1 inhibitors, PD-L1 inhibitors, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitors, and emerging targets. We further review the landscape of ongoing trials addressing unresolved questions, including chemotherapy-free regimens in dMMR disease, maintenance intensification for mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) disease, neoadjuvant and fertility-sparing approaches, and novel combinations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date synthesis of this rapidly evolving field and to identify challenges and opportunities that will shape the next phase of immunotherapy in EC.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Allan B. Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lakeisha Mulugeta-Gordon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dimitrios Nasioudis"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Janos L. Tanyi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d9z7tgy3nx6nr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/cancers18213431",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "d9z7tgy3nx6nr",
  "issns": [
    "2072-6694"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/18/21/3431",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2729|Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223284374",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d9z7tgy3nx6nr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:58Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/cancers18213431",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/18/21/3431"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2729|Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments",
      "subfield": "reproductive-child"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Sculpting the Landscape of Endometrial Cancer Treatment",
  "title_text": "Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Sculpting the Landscape of Endometrial Cancer Treatment",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:58Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/d9z7tgy3nx6nr",
  "venue": "Cancers",
  "versions": []
}