{
  "abstract": "Controlling particle size is essential in solid-state synthesis, yet powder grinding remains a critical and largely unresolved challenge in self-driving laboratories. Here, we present a robotic mortar-based grinding system integrated with structure-borne acoustic emission (AE) sensing for autonomous powder processing. By measuring high-frequency elastic waves transmitted through the mortar, the proposed approach enables robust AE acquisition in standard laboratory environments without specialized acoustic facilities and provides a practical basis for particle-size-dependent feedback and autonomous stopping. We model AE-derived total spectral power as a monotonic function of particle size using monotone Bernstein polynomial regression, enabling size-dependent threshold design for grinding termination. Using this threshold-based stopping strategy, autonomous grinding experiments on NaCl and citric acid demonstrate reliable size-controlled processing. In contrast, monosodium glutamate exhibits degraded threshold reliability at intermediate target sizes, where AE fluctuations approach the noise floor. These results reveal material-dependent regimes in which AE-based feedback is effective only when sufficient signal-to-noise ratio is maintained, thereby clarifying the intrinsic limitations of AE-driven autonomous powder processing in solid-state self-driving laboratories.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Applied Physics, The University of Osaka Osaka Japan ono@ap.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp yusaku_nakajima@ap.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yusaku Nakajima",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9926-9891"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ryusei Takamoto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yasuo Takeichi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kanta Ono",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3285-9093"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/de7299g6zcjww.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra06905c",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13692717",
  "id": "de7299g6zcjww",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921022",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2210|Mineral Processing and Grinding"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223388762",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13692717?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13692717",
  "pmid": "42921022",
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/de7299g6zcjww.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42921022",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921022"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:23:47Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13692717",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra06905c"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "heading:Chemistry",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Acoustic emission-based monitoring for size-controlled robotic powder grinding.",
  "title_text": "Acoustic emission-based monitoring for size-controlled robotic powder grinding.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/de7299g6zcjww",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}