{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: The relationship between nutrition-related behavior and perceptions of specific foods is unclear. We examined whether distributions of milk-related perceptions regarding heat-illness prevention and exercise performance differed according to habitual post-exercise milk consumption status. Methods: In this exploratory cross-sectional study of 49 male collegiate baseball players, participants who answered “yes” to both post-exercise milk-consumption items were classified into the Milk group (n = 24), whereas those who answered “no” to both were classified into the Non-milk group (n = 25). Primary outcomes were milk-related perceptions of heat-illness prevention and exercise performance (Negative/Neutral/Positive). Between-group response distributions were assessed, with magnitude of association quantified; sensitivity analyses used Firth-penalized logistic regression (Positive vs. Neutral/Negative). Results: For heat-illness-prevention-related perception, responses in the Milk group were Positive in 54.2%, Neutral in 45.8%, and Negative in 0.0%, compared with 12.0%, 72.0%, and 16.0%, respectively, in the Non-milk group. For performance-related perception, corresponding Positive responses were 37.5% and 8.0%, respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed associations in the same direction. Conclusions: Habitual post-exercise milk consumption was associated with a higher frequency of Positive milk-related perceptions and different overall response distributions. These findings describe a behavioral–perceptual association and do not establish that milk consumption itself improves perceptions, prevents heat illness, or enhances exercise performance.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Center for Nursing Practicum Support, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi 487-8501, Aichi, Japan",
    "Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi 487-8501, Aichi, Japan",
    "Support for Pioneering Research Initiated by the Next Generation (SPRING), Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi 487-8501, Aichi, Japan",
    "Department of Lifelong Sports and Health Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi 487-8501, Aichi, Japan",
    "Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi 487-8501, Aichi, Japan",
    "Department of Nursing, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi 487-8501, Aichi, Japan",
    "Department of Clinical Engineering, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi 487-8501, Aichi, Japan",
    "Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi 487-8501, Aichi, Japan"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tsukasa Yamamoto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Manato Seguchi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yoko Iio"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Mamoru Tanaka",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8470-6806"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hana Kozai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Harumi Ejiri",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4004-429X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Yuka Aoyama"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yukihiro Mori"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Morihiro Ito",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8706-0705"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dek3czswebj76.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/nu18213609",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dek3czswebj76",
  "issns": [
    "2072-6643"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3609",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dek3czswebj76.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:21:06Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/nu18213609",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3609"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:2072-6643",
      "subfield": "nutrition"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Post-Exercise Milk Consumption Behavior and Health- and Performance-Related Perceptions Among Collegiate Baseball Players: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study",
  "title_text": "Post-Exercise Milk Consumption Behavior and Health- and Performance-Related Perceptions Among Collegiate Baseball Players: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T00:21:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dek3czswebj76",
  "venue": "Nutrients",
  "versions": []
}