{
  "abstract": "Background:: Ramadan fasting involves prolonged abstinence from food and fluids and may lead to dizziness and hypoglycemic-type symptoms. Community-based data on these symptoms among adults in Riyadh are limited.\n\nObjective:: To determine the prevalence of fasting-related dizziness and hypoglycemic symptoms and identify associated risk factors among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.\n\nMethods:: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults (≥18 years) who fasted during Ramadan. Data were collected using a structured online questionnaire. A fasting-related symptomatic episode was defined as the presence of ≥2 symptoms during fasting hours (dizziness, tremor, sweating, palpitations, severe fatigue, or fainting). Independent predictors were identified using multivariable logistic regression.\n\nResults:: Among 498 participants (50.0% female; mean body mass index [BMI] 24.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2), 37.3% reported at least one fasting-related symptom and 20.1% experienced a symptomatic episode. Dizziness (21.3%), palpitations (17.1%), and severe fatigue (12.2%) were the most common symptoms. Independent risk factors included diabetes (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] 11.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.18–23.47), underweight BMI (AOR 4.40, 95% CI 1.03–18.71), anemia (AOR 3.01, 95% CI 1.17–7.70), sleep duration >8 h (AOR 2.85, 95% CI 1.02–7.91), hypertension (AOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.19–6.28), moderate caffeine intake (101–200 mg/day) (AOR 2.59, 95% CI 1.24–5.44), and age 25–34 years (AOR 2.51, 95% CI 1.04–6.10).\n\nConclusions:: One in five adults experienced fasting-related symptomatic episodes during Ramadan. Diabetes, hypertension, anemia, underweight BMI, prolonged sleep, and moderate caffeine intake were significant risk factors. These findings support pre-Ramadan risk assessment and targeted counseling to promote safer fasting practices.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia",
    "College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Khalid A. Bin Abdulrahman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed N. Alatyani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed A. Aldossry"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Basel A. Almutairi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mubarak A. Alshammary"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Muath K. Algarni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed A. Alqahtani"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dftw4mgcykhc2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1111_26",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13722252/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "dftw4mgcykhc2",
  "issns": [
    "2249-4863",
    "2278-7135"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722252",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Dietary Effects on Health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220867792",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13722252/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13722252",
  "pmid": "42964837",
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer -- Medknow Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dftw4mgcykhc2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:46Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13722252",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722252"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:48Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13722252",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1111_26"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2737|Dietary Effects on Health",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Prevalence and determinants of fasting-related dizziness and hypoglycemic symptoms among adults during Ramadan in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A community-based cross-sectional study",
  "title_text": "Prevalence and determinants of fasting-related dizziness and hypoglycemic symptoms among adults during Ramadan in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A community-based cross-sectional study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dftw4mgcykhc2",
  "venue": "Journal of family medicine and primary care",
  "versions": []
}