{
  "abstract": "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that governs helper T cell (Th) immunometabolism and functional differentiation by regulating gene transcription, cellular metabolism, and cytokine microenvironment. In Th1 cells, PPARγ primarily regulates interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion. Within Th2 cells, it influences GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) expression and provides metabolic support for normal cellular functions. In Th17 cells, it inhibits RAR-related orphan receptor γt ( RORγt ) transcription and suppresses inflammatory signals, thereby alleviating Th17-mediated inflammatory responses. In Tregs, PPARγ aids in cell differentiation by activating forkhead box P3 ( Foxp3 ) transcription and inducing metabolic reprogramming. In Th9 cells, PPARγ promotes the secretion of IL-9. Within Tfh cells, the deficiency of PPARγ leads to an increase in B cell leukemia/lymphoma 6 ( Bcl-6 ) expression. Notably, PPARγ agonists and antagonists effectively preserve Th-cell homeostasis by targeting PPARγ-mediated metabolic and signaling pathways. This review summarizes PPARγ as a crucial transcription factor governing Th-cell responses and elucidates its underlying molecular mechanisms. Based on the evidence predominantly derived from animal models, it lays a foundation for translational research of PPARγ-targeted immunotherapy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center",
    "Division of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sihang Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ming Chu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dgjd8zy0xbb0k.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1937624",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1937624/full",
  "id": "dgjd8zy0xbb0k",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1937624/full",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RC581-607"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223404969",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1937624/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dgjd8zy0xbb0k.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1937624",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1937624/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:09Z",
      "native_id": "c11787b170bd4e45adb6ee6d57f9fcf9",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1937624"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "PPARγ: a transfactor for Th-cell subsets",
  "title_text": "PPARγ: a transfactor for Th-cell subsets",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dgjd8zy0xbb0k",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}