{
  "abstract": "Socioeconomic health inequality among reproductive-age populations remains insufficiently characterized globally. Using GBD 2021 data for individuals aged 15-49 years in 204 countries and territories, we assessed disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates and quantified absolute and relative socioeconomic inequality using the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index (CI), with female-male comparisons and sensitivity analyses. In 2021, the global DALY rate was 22,377.4 per 100,000 population. From 1990 to 2021, SII changed from -17,755.23 to -13,789.27 and CI from -0.15 to -0.13. CI for communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases improved from -0.51 to -0.38, whereas injury CI worsened from -0.06 to -0.12. Injury SII was -824.23 in females and -2,749.96 in males. Overall socioeconomic health inequality declined but remained heterogeneous across causes and between females and males, supporting cause-specific and sex-sensitive health equity strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Xueneng Yang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ruijuan Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wendong Luo",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-9834-5538"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dgrvntrbz4b8a.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.isci.2026.117804",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13694800",
  "id": "dgrvntrbz4b8a",
  "issns": [
    "2589-0042"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(26)03185-8",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Health sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Medical specialty"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Medicine"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Public health"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Reproductive Health and Contraception"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221835213",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13694800?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13694800",
  "pmid": "42927171",
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dgrvntrbz4b8a.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:16Z",
      "native_id": "10.1016/j.isci.2026.117804",
      "source": "feed-cell",
      "url": "https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(26)03185-8"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
      "native_id": "10.1016/j.isci.2026.117804",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2589004226031858"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:18Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42927171",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42927171"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "heading:Public health",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Health inequalities in the global reproductive-age population: GBD 2021 trends and female-male differences, 1990–2021",
  "title_text": "Health inequalities in the global reproductive-age population: GBD 2021 trends and female-male differences, 1990–2021",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dgrvntrbz4b8a",
  "venue": "iScience",
  "versions": []
}