{
  "abstract": "Designing road networks for wind farms in complex terrain is a challenging task, especially under tight construction budgets. Traditional manual methods are time-consuming and may yield suboptimal results. We propose a structured three-phase optimization framework, TriPhase, to automate and minimize road construction costs from corridor selection to earthwork. Phase one formulates corridor selection as a Steiner minimum tree problem over a terrain-aware graph, incorporating slope and curvature constraints. In phase two, each road segment undergoes horizontal alignment optimization using a bilevel model, where a mixed-integer program evaluates vertical alignment costs. To ensure solver compatibility and performance, the model is reformulated explicitly for Gurobi. The final phase applies a network-wide convex optimization model to refine vertical alignment. Numerical experiments on real-world sites demonstrate up to 14% cost savings compared to industry-standard manual designs, validating the framework's effectiveness and practical relevance.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.19350",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Paavai Manimaran Vanjeenathammal"
    },
    {
      "name": "John R. J. Thompson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Warren Hare"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yves Lucet"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dgx3216qqhakn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.19350",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dgx3216qqhakn",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19350",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.CE"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.OC"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2612|Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213604650",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.19350",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dgx3216qqhakn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:23Z",
      "native_id": "2609.19350",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19350"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math.OC",
      "subfield": "optimisation-control"
    }
  ],
  "title": "From Corridor Selection to Earthwork: A Multi-Stage Framework for Automated Road Design via Steiner Trees and Convex Optimization",
  "title_text": "From Corridor Selection to Earthwork: A Multi-Stage Framework for Automated Road Design via Steiner Trees and Convex Optimization",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dgx3216qqhakn",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}