{
  "abstract": "ObjectivePulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). This study aimed to characterize the lower-airway microbiome in patients with PTB and compare it with that of patients without PTB (Non-PTB) undergoing bronchoscopy for pulmonary disease, in order to describe differences in microbial composition between the two groups and improve our understanding of pulmonary microbial ecology in tuberculosis.MethodsWe performed metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 75 patients (38 PTB, 37 Non-PTB). Microbial diversity, composition, and differential taxa were analyzed using standard bioinformatics tools.ResultsPTB samples showed higher Shannon and Simpson indices, whereas Richness did not differ significantly between groups. Beta diversity analyses revealed modest but statistically detectable differences in microbial community composition between PTB and Non-PTB samples. The PTB group showed higher relative abundances of MTBC and several oral-associated taxa (e.g., Prevotella and Fusobacterium), whereas Non-PTB samples showed higher relative abundances of taxa including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus.ConclusionThis BALF metagenomic study characterized lower-airway microbial features in patients with PTB and identified differences in microbial community composition and structure between PTB and patients with heterogeneous Non-PTB pulmonary diseases.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China",
    "Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China",
    "Department of Radiology, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China",
    "Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China",
    "Center for Accurate Detection of Tuberculosis, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China",
    "Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hongxia Shao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xue Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xuan Miao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Liang Tang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yueying Gu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Zhonghua Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Junfeng Han"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jing Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qi Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Wanjie Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Huaiyong Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Junping Wu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dha7nc45zj2rg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fcimb.2026.1938581",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1938581/full",
  "id": "dha7nc45zj2rg",
  "issns": [
    "2235-2988"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1938581",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QR1-502"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223268006",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1938581/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13739553",
  "pmid": "42996471",
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media S.A.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dha7nc45zj2rg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:43:13Z",
      "native_id": "f806ceb1fcdb44668abbe60506e32ac9",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1938581"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T15:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42996471",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42996471"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Characterization of lower-airway microbial communities in pulmonary tuberculosis by BALF metagenomic sequencing",
  "title_text": "Characterization of lower-airway microbial communities in pulmonary tuberculosis by BALF metagenomic sequencing",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T15:20:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dha7nc45zj2rg",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology",
  "versions": []
}