{
  "abstract": "This study investigated whether AcrR-mediated regulation of the acrAB efflux system is associated with tetracycline susceptibility in Erwinia amylovora. We compared tetracycline susceptibility, acrAB expression, intracellular tetracycline accumulation, intracellular pH, ATP-associated luminescence, envelope-associated phenotypes, virulence, and responses to exogenous acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) among the wild type (WT), an acrR mutant (ΔacrR), the same mutant after prior tetracycline exposure (ΔacrRTc), and an acrR-complemented mutant (ΔacrR(acrR)). Relative to WT, ΔacrR showed fourfold increases in tetracycline MIC and MBC, whereas ΔacrRTc showed 16- and 32-fold increases, respectively. ΔacrRTc also showed markedly increased acrA and acrB expression, reduced intracellular tetracycline accumulation, lower intracellular pH, and reduced ATP-associated luminescence, suggesting that prior tetracycline exposure was associated with an enhanced AcrAB response in the acrR-deficient background. ΔacrRTc further displayed altered cell-envelope ultrastructure, increased waaL expression and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-associated band intensity, reduced biofilm formation, and a weaker cellulose-associated colony phenotype, whereas amylovoran production and levansucrase-associated activity remained unchanged. In the pathogenicity assay, ΔacrRTc produced weaker necrotic symptoms, lower bacterial populations, and reduced in planta dspE expression. Among the AHLs tested, OHHL produced a distinct virulence pattern, with ΔacrR showing reduced disease severity relative to WT and ΔacrR(acrR), whereas this separation was not observed with HHL or OOHL; ΔacrRTc remained less virulent under all AHL conditions. These findings support tetracycline as an AcrAB substrate and suggest that prior tetracycline exposure can strengthen the subsequent AcrAB-associated response. The OHHL-specific phenotype further raises the possibility that OHHL may also serve as a substrate of the AcrAB efflux system.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.",
    "Plant Medicine Program, Division of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jeong Ho Choi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yeon Ju Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hyun Ju Choi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Duck Hwan Park"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dhawxzxp0kjtj.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4014/jmb.2608.08022",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13669510",
  "id": "dhawxzxp0kjtj",
  "issns": [
    "1017-7825",
    "1738-8872"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42861460",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221573472",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13669510?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13669510",
  "pmid": "42861460",
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dhawxzxp0kjtj.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42861460",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42861460"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effects of Tetracycline Susceptibility and Virulence in an acrR Mutant of Erwinia amylovora.",
  "title_text": "Effects of Tetracycline Susceptibility and Virulence in an acrR Mutant of Erwinia amylovora.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dhawxzxp0kjtj",
  "venue": "Journal of microbiology and biotechnology",
  "versions": []
}