{
  "abstract": "Emerging evidence suggests that the respiratory health effects of particulate matter (PM) may vary by aerodynamic diameter. However, comprehensive investigations comparing the effects of size-specific PM on lung function indicators remain limited. We analyzed lung function data from the China Pulmonary Health (CPH) Study to assess the associations between long-term exposure to PM₁, PM1-2.5, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM₁₀ and indicators of large and small airway function using multivariable linear models. This study included 50,991 adults aged 20 years and above. For large airway function, each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM₁, PM1-2.5, PM2.5, and PM₁₀ was significantly associated with a decrease in FEV₁, FVC, and FEV₁/FVC. The associations between FEV₁ and FVC strengthened as the particle size decreased. PM₁ showed the strongest association, with the lowest FEV₁ (-36.84 mL, 95% confidence interval (CI): -45.91, -27.76 mL) and FVC (-34.63 mL, 95% CI: -45.48, -23.79 mL) values. For small airway function, all size-specific particles were significantly associated with decreases in FEF₇₅ and FEF₂₅₋₇₅. Specifically, each IQR increase in PM2.5-10 exposure was associated with the largest reduction in the airway function indicators. Furthermore, stratified analyses showed stronger adverse associations in vulnerable subpopulations, including females, older adults, former smokers, biomass nonusers, and participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Size-specific PM exposure has differential health effects on both large and small airway lung function indicators. Therefore, it is essential to account for particle size in health risk assessments and the regulation of PM.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.",
    "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.",
    "National Center for Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.",
    "School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.",
    "Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.",
    "National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.",
    "MEEKL-AERM, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Tibetan Plateau, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zijun Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2979-9747"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xingyao Tang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Xueyan Han"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Sinan Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Zhaoyang Pan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2315-7679"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Linhong Pang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3038-3685"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hailu Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yicong Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Qi Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xinran Shan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ting Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jing Wei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tianjia Guan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ke Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Chen Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "China Pulmonary Health (CPH) Study Group"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dk0qqtg0p22b9.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1021/envhealth.5c00676",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13681440",
  "id": "dk0qqtg0p22b9",
  "issns": [
    "2833-8278"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903834",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2307|Air Quality and Health Impacts"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7163256886",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13681440?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13681440",
  "pmid": "42903834",
  "published": "2026-06-02",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dk0qqtg0p22b9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:59Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42903834",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903834"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2307|Air Quality and Health Impacts",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Associations between Size-Specific Particulate Matter and Lung Function: Results from the China Pulmonary Health Study.",
  "title_text": "Associations between Size-Specific Particulate Matter and Lung Function: Results from the China Pulmonary Health Study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dk0qqtg0p22b9",
  "venue": "Environment & health (Washington, D.C.)",
  "versions": []
}