{
  "abstract": "Background:: Malaria elimination is hindered by incomplete treatment and inadequate post- treatment follow-up, particularly among migrant and socioeconomically vulnerable populations. The increasing predominance of Plasmodium vivax further complicates elimination efforts.\n\nMethods:: We conducted a 24-year retrospective hospital-based study (2002–2025) at Government Wenlock Hospital, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India, a tertiary health care center serving a historically malaria-endemic region characterized by rapid urbanization and a large migrant workforce. Suspected cases were clinically evaluated and confirmed by blinded microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears. Species distribution, parasitemia, treatment status, day-7 follow-up, and temporal and seasonal trends were analyzed using R and Python.\n\nResults:: Among 345,544 suspected cases, 78,053 (22.59%) were microscopy-confirmed. Malaria positivity declined from 24.83% in 2002 to 0.35% in 2025. In 2025, P. vivax accounted for 66.7% of infections and P. falciparum for 33.3%; no mixed infections were detected. Parasitemia was highest in P. falciparum, followed by mixed and P. vivax infections. The proportion of P. vivax increased from 53.39% in 2005 to 86.95% in 2022, whereas P. falciparum declined from 45.15% to 10.81%. Although malaria cases were often concentrated during the post-monsoon period, the timing and magnitude of seasonal peaks varied substantially across years.\n\nConclusions:: Malaria declined markedly over the study period, but poor post-treatment follow-up and the increasing predominance of P. vivax remain important barriers to elimination. Strengthened patient tracking, treatment-completion monitoring, and species- specific surveillance are needed, particularly for migrant populations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of South Florida Health, Tampa, Florida, USA.",
    "ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India.",
    "Department of Applied Zoology, Mangaluru University, Mangaluru, India.",
    "ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Benudhar Mukhi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chandan Kumar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Prince Kumar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "D Pradeep"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Mahesh Chandra Sahu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Anup Kumar R. Anvikar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Susanta Kumar Ghosh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dipak Kumar Raj"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dk1fw47w3z946.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26502/fjhs.447",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13730109/",
  "id": "dk1fw47w3z946",
  "issns": [
    "2644-2906"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.447",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Malaria Research and Control"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220659594",
  "pdf_url": "https://cdn.fortunejournals.com/articles/declining-malaria-burden-and-changing-species-distribution-a-twenty-10204-449f3c400a7bfa35.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13730109",
  "pmid": "42979498",
  "published": "2026-10-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dk1fw47w3z946.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T12:20:56Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13730109",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.447"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Malaria Research and Control",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Declining Malaria Burden and Changing Species Distribution: A Twenty-Four-Year Retrospective Hospital-Based Study (2002–2025) in Mangaluru, India",
  "title_text": "Declining Malaria Burden and Changing Species Distribution: A Twenty-Four-Year Retrospective Hospital-Based Study (2002–2025) in Mangaluru, India",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T12:20:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dk1fw47w3z946",
  "venue": "Fortune journal of health sciences",
  "versions": []
}