{
  "abstract": "The combination of the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and wearable biosensors is transforming healthcare by allowing continuous, real-time monitoring and more intelligent clinical decision-making. This review explores AI-driven monitoring, smart intravenous (IV) infusion automation, and wearable biosensors, and proposes Intelligent IV Automation and Smart Patient Synchronization (INFUSYNC), a conceptual framework synchronizing monitoring, automated fluid delivery, and predictive analytics. The literature shows meaningful progress: wearables increasingly support non-contact monitoring with near clinical-grade accuracy for select parameters, while infusion pumps with dose-error-reduction and AI-assisted decision support are reported to improve delivery precision and safety. Predictive models further support early detection of physiological decline. Progress remains uneven, however: most AI-enabled infusion systems are prototype-stage, closed-loop control remains rare, and interoperability, data security, and privacy remain underdeveloped. Future systems will need compatible, security-by-design, clinically validated, feedback-controlled architectures. Overall, this review outlines a clear but early-stage trajectory toward integrated smart-health environments for IV therapy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, Egypt. Islam.Mohammed@ecu.edu.eg.",
    "Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, Egypt."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Islam M Ibrahim",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-6965-5630"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rahma A Elkomy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Merna A Mohamed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fatemah A Farok"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Roaa E Emam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Salma A Kamel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Reham M Asem"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dkbya4zv7edma.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41746-026-03291-0",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13669359",
  "id": "dkbya4zv7edma",
  "issns": [
    "2398-6352"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42875479",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Intravenous Infusion Technology and Safety"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221806472",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13669359?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13669359",
  "pmid": "42875479",
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dkbya4zv7edma.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:46Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42875479",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42875479"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Current status and future outlook of artificial intelligence and automation in intravenous infusion systems.",
  "title_text": "Current status and future outlook of artificial intelligence and automation in intravenous infusion systems.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:46Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dkbya4zv7edma",
  "venue": "NPJ digital medicine",
  "versions": []
}