{
  "abstract": "Subsequent thyroid carcinomas (STCs) are common after childhood cancer treatment and have well-described risk factors, whereas information on subsequent thyroid adenomas (STAs) remains limited. This study compared treatment-related risk factors for STCs and STAs, assessed their associations with other subsequent neoplasms, and evaluated the incidence of STCs relative to that in the age-matched national general population. The study cohort included 4,348 childhood cancer survivors treated between 1975 and 2020; 48% were female, 23% had lymphomas, and 77% had solid tumors. STCs occurred in 44 survivors (59% female), and STAs occurred in 23 (65% female). Compared with the national general population, the risk of STCs was 7.6-fold higher in females and 23.6-fold higher in males. The median age at diagnosis was lower for STCs (25.8 vs 29.8 years). Hodgkin lymphoma was the most frequent primary cancer in both groups (48% vs 57%). The median age at first cancer diagnosis was similar between the groups (9.8 vs 9.4 years). Neck radiotherapy was a major risk factor in both groups (59% vs 83%). Additional subsequent malignant neoplasms occurred in 14% of patients with STCs and 13% of patients with STAs, whereas subsequent benign neoplasms occurred in 20% and 26%, respectively. The incidence of subsequent benign neoplasms was higher in patients with STCs than in patients with other first subsequent malignant neoplasms (P < 0.05). STCs predominated over STAs (66%). Shared risk factors included neck radiotherapy and Hodgkin lymphoma. STCs were diagnosed at a younger age. The frequent occurrence of additional subsequent neoplasms highlights the need for long-term surveillance.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol and Homolka University Hospital , Prague, Czech Republic.",
    "Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol and Homolka University Hospital , Prague, Czech Republic.",
    "Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol and Homolka University Hospital , Prague, Czech Republic.",
    "Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol and Homolka University Hospital , Prague, Czech Republic."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dana Nováková"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Karel Švojgr"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Rami Katra"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tereza Bartůňková"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Petr Vlček"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Anna Kindlová"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Michaela Jirkovská"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sarah Blagodárná"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tomáš Eckschlager"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lucie Šrámková"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jarmila Kruseová",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6576-7048"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dkcr5abk6ks49.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1530/erc-26-0210",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695348",
  "id": "dkcr5abk6ks49",
  "issns": [
    "1351-0088",
    "1479-6821"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42831777",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Multiple and Secondary Primary Cancers"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220437529",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695348?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13695348",
  "pmid": "42831777",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dkcr5abk6ks49.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:10Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42831777",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42831777"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Multiple and Secondary Primary Cancers",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Risk factors for subsequent thyroid neoplasm development in childhood cancer survivors.",
  "title_text": "Risk factors for subsequent thyroid neoplasm development in childhood cancer survivors.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dkcr5abk6ks49",
  "venue": "Endocrine-related cancer",
  "versions": []
}