{
  "abstract": "Background: Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This meta-analysis was designed to assess the clinical benefits and tolerability associated with chemoimmunotherapy in non-metastatic TNBC.\n\nMethods: We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The main endpoint is pathological complete response (pCR) rate, with other endpoints of event-free survival (EFS), disease-free survival (DFS) and invasive DFS (iDFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse events (AEs).\n\nResults: Data for the meta-analysis came from 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemo, they were more effective than chemo in achieving a pCR [odds ratio (OR) =1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37–2.41; P<0.001]. The benefit was more pronounced in the group of patients whose lymph nodes were positive (OR =2.19, 95% CI: 1.62–2.96; P<0.001). Regarding OS data, we observed improved EFS with ICI-based regimens [hazard ratio (HR) =0.73, 95% CI: 0.61–0.88; P<0.001]. Although the results of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were found to be statistically significant for iDFS and OS, the adjuvant setting did not demonstrate a similar benefit, and DFS was modestly improved. Safety outcomes showed ≥ Grade 3 AEs were more frequent in the treatment group [relative risk (RR) =1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.22; P=0.003], and serious AEs (SAEs) (RR =1.70, 95% CI: 1.49–1.94, P<0.001) among the combination therapy cohorts. The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors had more immune-related AEs (irAEs) than the PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors. The majority of AEs were controllable in clinical settings, with no additional SAEs being reported.\n\nConclusions: Combination therapy with ICIs and chemo improves pCR in patients with early-stage or loco-regional TNBC, and may provide better survival benefit.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jianmin Wu",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-1659-4808"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kejing Zhang",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-2197-4549"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dkk63x02nc7rp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21037/tbcr-2026-0031",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13736027/",
  "id": "dkk63x02nc7rp",
  "issns": [
    "2218-6778"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.21037/tbcr-2026-0031",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1306|Breast Cancer Treatment Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223106334",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13736027",
  "pmid": "42991457",
  "published": "2026-06-24",
  "publisher": "AME Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dkk63x02nc7rp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:21:35Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13736027",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.21037/tbcr-2026-0031"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:1306|Breast Cancer Treatment Studies",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Benefits and adverse events of combined chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibition in non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and an updated meta-analysis",
  "title_text": "Benefits and adverse events of combined chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibition in non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and an updated meta-analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:21:35Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dkk63x02nc7rp",
  "venue": "Translational Breast Cancer Research",
  "versions": []
}