{
  "abstract": "Polyether ether ketones (PEEK) and polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) are widely used biomaterials; however, their susceptibility to microbial colonization remains a limitation in clinical applications. This study comparatively evaluated biofilm formation by Candida albicans and Nakaseomyces glabratus on PEEK and PDMS and characterized the effect of TiO₂/ZrO₂-based coatings applied to PEEK. Biofilm development was analyzed during adhesion, maturation, and dispersion using biomass quantification, metabolic activity assays, and scanning electron microscopy. Surface modifications were also evaluated. Both species formed a biofilm on the biomaterials, with a significantly higher biomass on the control, followed by PEEK and PDMS. TiO₂/ZrO₂-based coating affected biofilm maturation, with coating B as the one producing the greatest reduction in biofilm development. These findings suggest that surface modifications, such as hydrophobicity, using TiO₂/ZrO₂ coatings may influence fungal biofilm reduction and improve the antimicrobial performance of biomedical materials.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Zacatenco, Mexico City 07300, Mexico.",
    "Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Casco de Sto. Tomás, Mexico City 011340, Mexico.",
    "Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías (CNMN), Laboratorio de Microscopía de Barrido de Ultra Alta Resolución, Av. Luis Enrique Erro S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.",
    "Instituto Politécnico Nacional-ESIQIE, Laboratorio de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Energías Limpias, Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gabriela Angeles-de Paz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0334-2685"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Luisa Ixchel Perez-Garcia",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-7070-2497"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fernando Torres-Ariza"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Michelle Ramírez-Mireles"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hugo Martínez-Gutiérrez",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5161-5134"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Martín Daniel Trejo-Valdez",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7953-4632"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Aída Verónica Rodríguez-Tovar",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5514-8972"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Christopher René Torres-SanMiguel",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0291-7384"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dksysg9zm6vxa.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ma19194161",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13666015",
  "id": "dksysg9zm6vxa",
  "issns": [
    "1996-1944"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882660",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|Antifungal resistance and susceptibility"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214745709",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13666015?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13666015",
  "pmid": "42882660",
  "published": "2026-09-29",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dksysg9zm6vxa.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42882660",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882660"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|Antifungal resistance and susceptibility",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Comparative Assessment of Fungal Biofilm Development on PEEK and PDMS Biomaterials and the Antifungal Potential of TiO₂/ZrO₂-Coated PEEK.",
  "title_text": "Comparative Assessment of Fungal Biofilm Development on PEEK and PDMS Biomaterials and the Antifungal Potential of TiO₂/ZrO₂-Coated PEEK.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dksysg9zm6vxa",
  "venue": "Materials (Basel, Switzerland)",
  "versions": []
}