{
  "abstract": "The Galactic Center is expected to host a population of extremely large mass-ratio inspirals (X-MRIs) migrating toward the supermassive black hole. We propose an observational approach utilizing the secular gravitational torque exerted by X-MRIs on the highly eccentric S-star S301. This approach is intrinsically limited by the stochastic nature of the surrounding stellar-mass black hole cusp. As S301 propagates through this granular medium, it experiences discrete gravitational encounters. Standard orbital fitting procedures inherently assume a smooth background potential; applying them to stochastic trajectories averages these discrete velocity discontinuities into a continuous secular drift. This introduces a systematic bias that mimics the X-MRI precession signal, invalidating traditional mass estimation techniques. To resolve this degeneracy, we implement a methodology based on the Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima method to characterize the local Hölder regularity of the orbital motion. This model isolates the singular discontinuities induced by stellar-mass black hole encounters from the continuous torque of the X-MRI distribution, allowing for detection even when instantaneous accelerations are below the instrumental noise threshold. We demonstrate analytically that S301 is highly sensitive to the interior X-MRI population while remaining dynamically decoupled from the secular influence of the exterior cusp. Combining precision astrometry and radial velocity projections, we establish that a minimal population of two X-MRIs is detectable within a five to nine-year timeframe, allowing us to constrain the presence of an unseen orbiter population prior to the launch of space-based gravitational wave detectors.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.37757",
  "author_total": 17,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Pau Amaro Seoane"
    },
    {
      "name": "Qimin Song"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shao-Dong Zhao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kostas Tzanavaris"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reinhard Genzel"
    },
    {
      "name": "Frank Eisenhauer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thomas Ott"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stefan Gillessen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Guillaume Bourdarot"
    },
    {
      "name": "Diogo C. Ribeiro"
    },
    {
      "name": "Matteo Sadun Bordoni"
    },
    {
      "name": "Simran Joharle"
    },
    {
      "name": "Felix Mang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andreas Burkert"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jorge Cuadra"
    },
    {
      "name": "Diego Calderón"
    },
    {
      "name": "Re'em Sari"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dmc490qk6qn7q.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.37757",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dmc490qk6qn7q",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.37757",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.HE"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "gr-qc"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.37757",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dmc490qk6qn7q.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:36:22Z",
      "native_id": "2610.37757",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.37757"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.GA",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    },
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.HE",
      "subfield": "high-energy-astrophysics"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:gr-qc",
      "subfield": "gravitation"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Seeing Unseen Gravitational Wave Inspirals at the Galactic Center",
  "title_text": "Seeing Unseen Gravitational Wave Inspirals at the Galactic Center",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:20:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dmc490qk6qn7q",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}