{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Diabetes-associated cognitive impairment (DACI) undermines diabetes self-management and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although mind-body exercise may improve cognition, its benefits are often limited by the lack of timely, precise, individualised instruction and feedback in adults with cognitive impairment. Augmented reality (AR) systems can deliver performance-adaptive, visually anchored cues and auditory prompts in real-world settings, but their cognitive and metabolic benefits in DACI remain unknown. This trial will compare AR-assisted Tai Chi (iTaiChi), instructor-led Tai Chi (TaiChi) and standard care in adults with DACI and explore underlying metabolic and neurobiological mechanisms.\n\nMethods and analysis: In this randomised controlled trial, 246 community-dwelling adults aged 45–75 years with DACI will be enrolled and randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to a TaiChi group, an iTaiChi group or a standard care group. All participants will receive standard care. In addition, participants assigned to the two exercise groups will undertake a standardised Yang-style 24-form Tai Chi programme three times weekly for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score. Secondary outcomes include physical health related parameters and brain health related parameters.\n\nEthics and dissemination: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital (Approval No. 2025–017). Dissemination of the findings will include peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and media releases.\n\nTrial registration number: ChiCTR2500111614.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China",
    "Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China",
    "Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China",
    "Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China",
    "Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China",
    "School of Clinical Medicine,Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China",
    "Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China",
    "School of Physical Education, School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China",
    "Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China",
    "Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China",
    "School of Wushu, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China",
    "School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia",
    "Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China",
    "Team ARAl, LISN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Île-de-France, France",
    "MIRA Lab, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland",
    "School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, England, UK",
    "Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore",
    "Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore",
    "Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore",
    "Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
    "Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, University of Granada, Granada, Spain",
    "Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA",
    "School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada",
    "Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada",
    "Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
    "Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, England, UK",
    "Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
    "MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, England, UK",
    "School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China",
    "MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 25,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Haoxuan Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xinming Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Zhouyu Guan"
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    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
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      "name": "Qingqing Zheng"
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    {
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        4
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      "name": "Yang Wen"
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    {
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        5
      ],
      "name": "Dian Zeng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Huijie Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Yiming Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Mingyue Yin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Guanqiao Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Hailong Qin",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-0356-7336"
    },
    {
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      "name": "Yiling Zhu"
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      "name": "Jinman Kim"
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    {
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      ],
      "name": "Lijuan Mao"
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    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Christian Sandor"
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    {
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        14
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      "name": "Nadia Magnenat Thalmann"
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    {
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      "name": "Josip Car",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8969-371X"
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        17,
        18
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      "name": "Chwee Teck Lim"
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      "name": "Felipe Fregni",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1307-9355"
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    {
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      "name": "Francisco B Ortega",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2001-1121"
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      "name": "Weiping Jia",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6244-2168"
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    {
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        28,
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      "name": "Bin Sheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Huating Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0526-5545"
    }
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dmrtmexg98557.bib",
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  "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120433",
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  "pdf_url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/16/9/e120433.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": "BMJ",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dmrtmexg98557.ris",
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      "origin": "openalex:2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
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  "title": "Augmented reality-assisted Tai Chi for adults with diabetes-associated cognitive impairment: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial",
  "title_text": "Augmented reality-assisted Tai Chi for adults with diabetes-associated cognitive impairment: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dmrtmexg98557",
  "venue": "BMJ Open",
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