{
  "abstract": "Universal fault-tolerant superconducting quantum computers are expected to require millions of physical qubits; yet extending the prevailing dedicated-control-line paradigm to this scale would exceed the wiring density and cooling-power budget of dilution refrigerators. Microwave frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) revolutionized classical communications by enabling many independent channels to share common transmission infrastructure. Translating this principle to superconducting quantum control, however, requires an all-microwave architecture and experimental validation of frequency-multiplexed gate control. Recent work in quantum error correction has demonstrated microwave-based readout, single-qubit gates and leakage suppression, whereas two-qubit gates remain predominantly driven by unipolar pulses and thus constitute the missing element of an all-microwave architecture. Here, we propose a periodically extensible hybrid multiplexing framework in which all gate operations are frequency-division multiplexed using polychromatic microwave pulses and band-pass filters, thereby reducing the required control-line count by one to two orders of magnitude. In a 1:4 demonstration, we achieve average errors of $(6.4\\pm0.2)\\times10^{-3}$ for parallel FDM CZ gates and $(10.6\\pm0.2)\\times10^{-4}$ for parallel FDM $XY(π/2)$ gates, without statistically significant multiplexing-induced degradation. Together with on-chip DC sources, this FDM-based gate-control scheme completes the last missing module in a scalable multiplexed-control architecture toward universal fault-tolerant quantum computing.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.35227",
  "author_total": 42,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Dayu Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Naibin Zhou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhiyuan Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zihua Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yu Xu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yuan Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Daojin Fan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wenhao Chu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiawei Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hui Deng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jiacheng Gui"
    },
    {
      "name": "Linyin Hong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bo Fan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weiping Lin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Haonan Zou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Haoxin Lou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xintao Zhao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sirui Cao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ying Chong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Qingling Zhu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chen Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yisen Hu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kaili Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Feifan Su"
    },
    {
      "name": "Haibin Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jianghan Yin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yajie Du"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yinan Jiang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Haoping Luo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weifeng Yang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jiafei Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jin Lin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Futian Liang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hao Rong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kai Yan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ming Gong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jinjin Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maliang Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cheng-Zhi Peng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shaowei Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiaobo Zhu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jian-Wei Pan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dmxcsqs9es05r.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.35227",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dmxcsqs9es05r",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.35227",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1702|Quantum Information and Cryptography"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223990958",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.35227",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dmxcsqs9es05r.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:36:22Z",
      "native_id": "2610.35227",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.35227"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A Control Line Multiplexing Framework for Scalable Quantum Computing",
  "title_text": "A Control Line Multiplexing Framework for Scalable Quantum Computing",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:20:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dmxcsqs9es05r",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}