{
  "abstract": "Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising nanocarriers for therapeutic delivery; however, the factors influencing their interactions with recipient cells remain incompletely understood. This study investigated recipient-cell-specific EV association using mNG-CD81-labelled EVs derived from HEK293T, SKBR-3, and Yummer cells. EV-associated fluorescence was assessed by flow cytometry following incubation with human epithelial, immune, and murine melanoma cell lines at different doses and time points. Marked differences were observed across recipient-cell types. Liver-derived Huh7 and HepG2 cells exhibited the highest percentages of fluorescence-positive cells among human epithelial cells, whereas parental HEK293T cells showed the lowest. THP-1 cells exhibited greater EV-associated fluorescence than Jurkat cells, while Yummer melanoma cells showed higher fluorescence than B16F10 cells following exposure to HEK293T-derived EVs. Similar recipient-cell patterns were observed with SKBR-3- and Yummer-derived EVs. Notably, Yummer cells exhibited relatively high association with their own EVs, demonstrating that low parental-cell association is not universal. EV-associated fluorescence generally increased with dose and incubation time. Although these findings highlight recipient-cell specificity, the relative contributions of EV donor origin and recipient-cell characteristics remain unresolved. Moreover, flow cytometry cannot distinguish surface-associated from internalized EVs. Together, these findings identify recipient-cell specificity as an important determinant of EV-associated fluorescence, providing a foundation for understanding EV–cell interactions and informing the development of targeted EV-based delivery strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden",
    "Biology Research Center, Research Center, University of Zakho, Zakho 42002, Kurdistan Region, Iraq",
    "Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Doste R. Mamand"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dmztntdtwctad.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/cells15212010",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dmztntdtwctad",
  "issns": [
    "2073-4409"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/15/21/2010",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dmztntdtwctad.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T00:20:59Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/cells15212010",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/15/21/2010"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "issn:2073-4409",
      "subfield": "cell-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Recipient Cell Type-Dependent Association of Extracellular Vesicles from Different Cellular Origins",
  "title_text": "Recipient Cell Type-Dependent Association of Extracellular Vesicles from Different Cellular Origins",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T00:21:15Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dmztntdtwctad",
  "venue": "Cells",
  "versions": []
}