{
  "abstract": "Chronic wounds are sustained not by a simple delay in the normal repair sequence, but by a hostile tissue microenvironment—persistent ischemia, non-resolving inflammation, proteolytic matrix degradation, oxidative stress, microbial burden, and senescence collectively form a self-reinforcing network that limits the effectiveness of conventional dressings and single-target interventions. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are increasingly viewed not as replacement cells, but as transient, adaptive modulators of this pathological niche; their therapeutic effects are mediated largely through paracrine and vesicle-based signaling, which can recalibrate macrophage and T-cell responses, support angiogenesis, restore extracellular matrix homeostasis, protect resident keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and attenuate oxidative and infectious stress. This review reframes MSC-based therapy for chronic wounds as a product-design problem, synthesizing current evidence from wound biology, MSC and MSC-EV mechanisms, biomaterial-assisted delivery, source selection, potency testing, and early clinical studies, and argues that successful translation will depend on indication-matched products that couple defined biological potency with engineered delivery systems, clinically meaningful endpoints, patient stratification, and regulatory-ready manufacturing controls.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Post-Anesthesia Care Unit, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , , ,",
    "State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Dental Emergency and General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maojing Xiong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yutao Xiong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wanqing Xie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lu Yang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bo Yang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dn2m4rfb93crh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fbioe.2026.1960442",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13725077/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "dn2m4rfb93crh",
  "issns": [
    "2296-4185"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13725077",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2742|Wound Healing and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222962998",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13725077/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13725077",
  "pmid": "42974021",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dn2m4rfb93crh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13725077",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13725077"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:23:32Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13725077",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1960442"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:48Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42974021",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42974021"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2742|Wound Healing and Treatments",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "MSC/MSC-EV therapy for chronic wounds: microenvironmental reprogramming, product design, and clinical translation",
  "title_text": "MSC/MSC-EV therapy for chronic wounds: microenvironmental reprogramming, product design, and clinical translation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:21:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dn2m4rfb93crh",
  "venue": "Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology",
  "versions": []
}