{
  "abstract": "Digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPM) are arrays of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) where each SPAD has its own electronic readout. To maximize the photodetection area, we developed a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) 3D-integrated to a custom-designed SPAD layer fabricated at Teledyne Dalsa (Bromont, Canada) to form a photon-to-digital converter (PDC). This paper presents an improved version of a previously demonstrated ROIC, fabricated in TSMC 180 nm technology to manage a 64 x 64 pixel architecture. This ROIC has different outputs, such as a flag output that produces a pulse whenever one of the pixels triggers and a digital sum that samples the amount of triggered SPADs. Improvements lead to a reduction of the timing jitter on the flag output from 72.0 ps RMS to 22.6 ps RMS through optimized H-tree design. A tunable hold-off circuit provides adjustable dead time from 32 ns to 18 μs, addressing both afterpulsing mitigation and SPAD-to-SPAD variations due to process defects. Power consumption is lowered by 30% at trigger rates exceeding 10 kHz through digital logic optimization and clock gating. These measurements validated that the ROIC is ready for 3D integration into a PDC for systems in medical imaging, particle physics, and quantum sciences.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.01841",
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Olivier Lepage"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tommy Rossignol"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicolas Roy"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gabriel Lessard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Frédéric Vachon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lorenzo Fabris"
    },
    {
      "name": "Serge A. Charlebois"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jean-François Pratte"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dn2mc899x668j.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.01841",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dn2mc899x668j",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.01841",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.ins-det"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.01841",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dn2mc899x668j.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:16Z",
      "native_id": "2609.01841",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.01841"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.ins-det",
      "subfield": "applied-instrumentation"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Characterization of a low-power 3D photon-to-digital converter readout improved for system integration in meter-scale applications",
  "title_text": "Characterization of a low-power 3D photon-to-digital converter readout improved for system integration in meter-scale applications",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dn2mc899x668j",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}