{
  "abstract": "Background/aim\n\nReliable biomarkers to stratify prognosis in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) remain limited. This study investigated whether the expression of the recently emerging proteins Nectin4 and interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) is associated with pathological stage and oncological survival outcomes in patients undergoing RC for MIBC.Materials and methods\n\nTwo tissue microarrays comprising of 163 patients treated with RC for MIBC were analyzed at the University Hospital of Zürich. Immunohistochemistry was performed for Nectin4 and IRF6, staining intensity was quantified using H-scores. Associations with pathological stage were assessed using logistic regression. Progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were evaluated using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results\n\nHigher Nectin4 and cytoplasmic IRF6 expression were significantly associated with lower pathological T-stage and AJCC stage (p<0.01). Patients with Nectin4 positive tumors had longer PFS compared to Nectin4 negative cases [hazard ration (HR)=0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.28-0.90; p=0.020]. Similarly, higher IRF6 expression was linked to longer PFS (HR=0.71, 95%-CI=0.52-0.96, p=0.028). No strong significant association between Nectin4 or IRF6 and CSS was observed. Both markers were not able to independently predict PFS or CSS after adjustment for American Joint Committee on Cancer stages in multivariable analysis.Conclusion\n\nStronger Nectin4 and IRF6 expression is associated with less aggressive histopathological characteristics in patients undergoing RC for bladder cancer. Higher Nectin4 and IRF6 expression were further linked to a longer PFS in univariable analysis, but not independent of other prognostic factors.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.",
    "Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.",
    "Department of Urology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dominik Enderlin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Maria Gloor"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Uwe Bieri"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alekhya Mazumdar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Souzan Salemi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Niels Rupp"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Holger Moch"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Eberli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Cédric Poyet"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dp2tb0qern72z.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21873/cdp.10597",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13724020",
  "id": "dp2tb0qern72z",
  "issns": [
    "2732-7787"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968952",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225108995",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13724020?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13724020",
  "pmid": "42968952",
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": "International Institute of Anticancer Research",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dp2tb0qern72z.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42968952",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968952"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:22:33Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13724020",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.21873/cdp.10597"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2746|Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Prognostic Impact of Nectin4 and IRF6 Expression in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.",
  "title_text": "Prognostic Impact of Nectin4 and IRF6 Expression in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:20:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dp2tb0qern72z",
  "venue": "Cancer diagnosis & prognosis",
  "versions": []
}