{
  "abstract": "Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), systems in which a stellar-mass compact object spirals into a supermassive black hole ($M_1$), are prime targets for the space-based gravitational-wave interferometers and are acutely sensitive to their astrophysical environment. We quantify the joint imprint of a dark matter (DM) spike and an accretion disk on the waveforms of eccentric, equatorial Kerr EMRIs, integrating four modular effects---DM dynamical friction, DM self-gravity, Newtonian accretion-disk torques, and disk self-gravity---into a fifth post-Newtonian (5PN) augmented analytic kludge (AAK) waveform model, and assess their measurability via a Fisher-matrix analysis. The DM dynamical-friction dephasing peaks at $M_1\\sim 10^6\\,M_\\odot$, reaching $\\sim 10^2$--$10^3\\,\\mathrm{rad}$; there the DM spike slope is measurable to sub-percent precision and both DM channels are unambiguously detectable, while omitting DM biases the intrinsic parameters significantly. At $M_1\\gtrsim 10^8\\,M_\\odot$ the DM and disk self-gravity channels dominate their dissipative counterparts. The disk parameters remain degenerate across the explored parameter space, since the supersonic regime dominates the inspiral and the subsonic-to-supersonic transition only mildly weakens this degeneracy without lifting it; a combined DM$+$disk analysis further reveals a cross-sector degeneracy between the DM slope and the disk parameters. This physical degeneracy, reflected in the near-singular Fisher matrix, implies that independently measuring the disk parameters requires a relativistic torque model or an electromagnetic counterpart.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.29770",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Hai-Chao Yuan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yong Tang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dp7tg0qvbe8g2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.29770",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "dp7tg0qvbe8g2",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29770",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "gr-qc"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214335704",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.29770",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-24",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dp7tg0qvbe8g2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:24:11Z",
      "native_id": "2609.29770",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29770"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.GA",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:gr-qc",
      "subfield": "gravitation"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Environmental Imprints of Dark Matter and Accretion Disks on Eccentric EMRIs around Kerr Black Holes",
  "title_text": "Environmental Imprints of Dark Matter and Accretion Disks on Eccentric EMRIs around Kerr Black Holes",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:24:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dp7tg0qvbe8g2",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}