{
  "abstract": "Background: Precise 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk prediction matters for Chinese primary prevention, while domestic risk equations have not been validated in 9-year real-world cohorts, and the Korean K-CVD model has never been validated locally.\n\nMethods: This study enrolled 9,532 ASCVD-free Chinese adults aged 45–79 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011–2020) with a 9-year follow-up (114 ASCVD events, incidence 1.20%). Three risk tools (pooled cohort equation (PCE)-US, China-PAR, and K-CVD-Korea) were compared regarding discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC)), calibration, and clinical utility via decision curve analysis (DCA); MICE was adopted to impute missing systolic blood pressure data.\n\nResults: K-CVD presented optimal calibration (predicted/observed ratio = 0.97). PCE overestimated risk by 17%, and China-PAR underestimated risk by 10%. The three models had comparable AUCs (0.775–0.777, P > 0.05). Post logit recalibration yielded identical Brier score (0.0116) for all models. DCA showed negative net benefit at thresholds ≥ 5%; PCE and K-CVD gained slight superiority over China-PAR at 1–2% thresholds matching the low actual event rate.\n\nConclusions: K-CVD has the best native calibration in this Chinese cohort. All three equations need formal recalibration for clinical use, and low cut-offs (1–2%) are more suitable for low-risk Chinese adults instead of Western standard thresholds.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Cardiology (Cardiology Unit I), Handan First Hospital, Handan 056000, China",
    "Handan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Precision Medicine, Handan First Hospital, Handan, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ren Jie Zhang",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-4026-2068"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiu Feng Zhao",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-0523-5060"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Meng Dan Miao",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2180-1168"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wen Jing Liu",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-8344-7796"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chao Chang",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-6915-9174"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dqsax87mhevdk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.14740/cr2315",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13719645/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "dqsax87mhevdk",
  "issns": [
    "1923-2829",
    "1923-2837"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719645",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223449980",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13719645/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13719645",
  "pmid": "42964237",
  "published": "2026-10-24",
  "publisher": "Elmer Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dqsax87mhevdk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13719645",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719645"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:23:34Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13719645",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.14740/cr2315"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "K-CVD as the Best-Calibrated ASCVD Risk Equation Among Three Country-Specific Equations in 9,532 Chinese Adults: A 9-Year Real-World Validation From CHARLS With Decision Curve Analysis",
  "title_text": "K-CVD as the Best-Calibrated ASCVD Risk Equation Among Three Country-Specific Equations in 9,532 Chinese Adults: A 9-Year Real-World Validation From CHARLS With Decision Curve Analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:20:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dqsax87mhevdk",
  "venue": "Cardiology research",
  "versions": []
}