{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Ginsenoside Rg3, a bioactive component of processed Korean ginseng, has demonstrated vasodilatory and blood pressure-lowering effects; however, clinical evidence on the long-term effects of Rg3-enriched ginseng preparations remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of two differently processed Rg3-enriched Korean ginseng preparations on blood pressure in adults with early-stage hypertension. Methods: In this 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 90 adults were randomly assigned to vitamin C-treated white ginseng (VTWG), enzyme-treated red ginseng (ETRG), or placebo (n = 30 per group). Both interventions provided approximately 40 mg/day of Rg3. Changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were primary outcomes. Results: From baseline to week 12, SBP decreased by 7.27 ± 6.15 mmHg in the VTWG group and 9.86 ± 6.47 mmHg in the ETRG group, whereas it increased by 5.03 ± 6.52 mmHg in the placebo group (both adjusted p < 0.0001 vs. placebo). DBP decreased by 5.27 ± 5.58 and 6.32 ± 5.55 mmHg in the VTWG and ETRG groups, respectively, compared with a decrease of 0.90 ± 6.31 mmHg in the placebo group (adjusted p = 0.006, 0.0006, respectively). MAP also decreased significantly in both intervention groups compared with placebo (both adjusted p < 0.0001), whereas NO changes differed significantly only between ETRG and placebo (adjusted p = 0.017). No clinically meaningful safety concerns were identified. Conclusions: Twelve-week supplementation with either Rg3-enriched Korean ginseng preparation significantly reduced blood pressure compared with placebo, suggesting potential benefits for blood pressure management in adults with early-stage hypertension.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "BTGin Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34024, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Cardiology, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea",
    "Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Statistics, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04312, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada",
    "Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jin-Hwan Oh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yoo-Seok Cheong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Seong-Hoon Lim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Seong Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jin-Hee Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hyuna Jang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5173-8967"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Youl Hour"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Vladimir Vuksan",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8541-4058"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Hyang-Im Baek",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2829-4499"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dqtq9m943vt42.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/nu18203448",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13708105/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "dqtq9m943vt42",
  "issns": [
    "2072-6643"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/20/3448",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223033012",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13708105/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13708105",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dqtq9m943vt42.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:56Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/nu18203448",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/20/3448"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13708105",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13708105"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effects of Two Rg3-Enriched Korean Ginseng Preparations on Blood Pressure in Adults with Early-Stage Hypertension: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial",
  "title_text": "Effects of Two Rg3-Enriched Korean Ginseng Preparations on Blood Pressure in Adults with Early-Stage Hypertension: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/dqtq9m943vt42",
  "venue": "Nutrients",
  "versions": []
}