{
  "abstract": "Boron (B) management in tropical maize is constrained by the narrow range between deficiency and toxicity, particularly when soluble sources are applied in-furrow in highly weathered Oxisols. We evaluated field-based soil and foliar B toxicity thresholds for maize (Zea mays L.) fertilized with broadcast-incorporated ulexite (10% B) in a clayey Oxisol (54% clay). Five B rates (0, 3, 9, 27, and 81 kg B ha− 1) were tested in a randomized block design during the 2023–2024 growing season in Brazil. Grain yield reached a maximum of 6,391 kg ha at 31 kg B ha− 1 and declined by 10% at 69 kg B ha− 1, establishing the agronomic toxicity threshold. This threshold corresponded to 7.7 mg B dm− 3 in soil and 118 mg B kg− 1 in diagnosis leaves. Increasing B supply promoted B accumulation in soil and plant tissues, increased the flavonoid index, and reduced chlorophyll, nitrogen balance index, net photosynthesis, and grain yield; malondialdehyde (MDA) followed a significant U-shaped response, with higher concentrations at the lowest and highest B rates than at intermediate, agronomically adequate doses. Principal component analysis confirmed coordinated physiological and nutritional responses to excessive B supply. These findings provide field-based toxicity benchmarks specific to maize fertilized with broadcast-incorporated ulexite in a clayey tropical Oxisol, supporting safer corrective B fertilization strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP)",
    "Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Renato de Mello Prado"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mayara Fávero Cotrim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "João Victor da Silva Santos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Angel Camurça da Silva"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Cid Naudi Silva Campos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Antonio Márcio Souza Rocha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Emilaine da Rocha Prado"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/drd2t0m572grx.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-63181-z",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-63181-z",
  "id": "drd2t0m572grx",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-63181-z",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "Q"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7202352835",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-01",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/drd2t0m572grx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:45Z",
      "native_id": "68f66e7c8cc242679e0615b54fa1ef48",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-63181-z"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Boron toxicity thresholds in field-grown maize fertilized with ulexite incorporated into a clayey Oxisol",
  "title_text": "Boron toxicity thresholds in field-grown maize fertilized with ulexite incorporated into a clayey Oxisol",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/drd2t0m572grx",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}