{
  "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Ex-vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has played an important role in the validation of in-vivo CMR characterization of pathological processes. However, comparison between in-vivo and ex-vivo imaging remains challenging due to shape changes occurring between the two states, which may be non-uniform across the diseased heart. A novel two-step process to facilitate registration between ex-vivo and in-vivo CMR was developed and evaluated in a porcine model of chronic myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: Seven weeks after ischemia-reperfusion MI, 12 swine underwent in-vivo CMR imaging with late gadolinium enhancement followed by ex-vivo CMR 1 week later. Five animals comprised the control group, in which ex-vivo imaging was undertaken without any support in the LV cavity, 7 animals comprised the experimental group, in which a two-step registration optimization process was undertaken. The first step involved a heart specific flexible 3D printed scaffold generated from in-vivo CMR, which was used to maintain left ventricular (LV) shape during ex-vivo imaging. In the second step, a non-rigid co-registration algorithm was applied to align in-vivo and ex-vivo data. Tissue dimension changes between in-vivo and ex-vivo imaging were compared between the experimental and control group. In the experimental group, tissue compartment volumes and thickness were compared between in-vivo and ex-vivo data before and after non-rigid registration. The effectiveness of the alignment was assessed quantitatively using the DICE similarity coefficient. RESULTS: LV cavity volume changed more in the control group (ratio of cavity volume between ex-vivo and in-vivo imaging in control and experimental group 0.14 vs 0.56, p < 0.0001) and there was a significantly greater change in the short axis dimensions in the control group (ratio of short axis dimensions in control and experimental group 0.38 vs 0.79, p < 0.001). In the experimental group, prior to non-rigid co-registration the LV cavity contracted isotropically in the ex-vivo condition by less than 20% in each dimension. There was a significant proportional change in tissue thickness in the healthy myocardium (change = 29 ± 21%), but not in dense scar (change = - 2 ± 2%, p = 0.034). Following the non-rigid co-registration step of the process, the DICE similarity coefficients for the myocardium, LV cavity and scar were 0.93 (±0.02), 0.89 (±0.01) and 0.77 (±0.07) respectively and the myocardial tissue and LV cavity volumes had a ratio of 1.03 and 1.00 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of the morphological changes seen between the in-vivo and the ex-vivo LV differs between scar and healthy myocardium. A 3D printed flexible scaffold based on the in-vivo shape of the LV cavity is an effective strategy to minimize morphological changes in the ex-vivo LV. The subsequent non-rigid registration step further improved the co-registration and local comparison between in-vivo and ex-vivo data.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 20,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "John Whitaker"
    },
    {
      "name": "Radhouene Neji"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicholas Byrne"
    },
    {
      "name": "Esther Puyol-Antón"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rahul Mukherjee"
    },
    {
      "name": "Steven Williams"
    },
    {
      "name": "Henry Chubb"
    },
    {
      "name": "Louisa O'Neill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Orod Razeghi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adam Connolly"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kawal Rhode"
    },
    {
      "name": "Steven Niederer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andrew King"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cory Tschabrunn"
    },
    {
      "name": "Elad Anter"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reza Nezafat"
    },
    {
      "name": "Martin Bishop"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mark O'Neill"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reza Razavi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sébastien Roujol"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/drzw8b9ek5je5.bib",
  "cited_by": 13,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12968-019-0574-z",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "drzw8b9ek5je5",
  "issns": [
    "1097-6647",
    "1532-429X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05796025v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.sdv.ib"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2741|Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W2979877744",
  "pdf_url": "https://jcmr-online.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12968-019-0574-z",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": "BioMed Central : Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/drzw8b9ek5je5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:55Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05796025",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05796025v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.ib",
      "subfield": "systems-synthetic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Improved co-registration of ex-vivo and in-vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance images using heart-specific flexible 3D printed acrylic scaffold combined with non-rigid registration",
  "title_text": "Improved co-registration of ex-vivo and in-vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance images using heart-specific flexible 3D printed acrylic scaffold combined with non-rigid registration",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/drzw8b9ek5je5",
  "venue": "Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance",
  "versions": []
}